The Garden of Love Analysis Essay Example For Students

The Garden of Love Analysis Essay The Garden of Love is, quite obviously, a poem about life and the pursuit of happiness. It is also about the effects that negativity can have on love. Blake uses religion to convey the idea that negativity pervades and corrupts all life(51 n.9), further supporting it with his use of rhyme scheme and imagery. In searching for love people often times emerge scarred and hostile from their fruitless efforts. Some continue to have faith in the idea of love and its possibilities, others do not. These folk sometimes seek refuge from their pain in a variety of houses. It is just as often that these refugees project their negative attitudes onto others that search for love and happiness. People who fear love can prevent others from finding it, because they change the positive surroundings to suit their negative world. the conflict between organized religion and the individual is the constant idea throughout the poem. Blake, himself, despised the Church, as an institution rather than an idea, and used religious symbols to show how structured religion can destroy the lover and creator within. A chapel has been built, perverting a once pure and loving environment. In inspecting the chapel, the persona feels only negativity from a religious house, as the gates are shut And Thou shalt not writ over the door(6). Not only has man and machine invaded this place once full of life, but they have also brought with them negative commandments. The negative phrase, Thou shalt not defies the instructions in Deuteronomy to write Thou shalt- a positive commandment- upon the posts of they house and on thy gates, supporting the notion that negative commandments pervade and corrupt all life(51 n.9). Other images are used to represent individual and Church, positive and negative. He uses words that exude life and breath, such as green, love, bore, and sweet flowers. These are all positive images that support the individuals search for creativity and love within the natural environment(pre-C hurch). Blake uses negative images to represent the Church, which in turn conveys the effects that negativity and pessimism can have on positive things. Negativity can often overpower positivity. In The Garden of Love negative images invade a positive environment and change it to suit its needs. The Church tears apart the natural environment in order to create a church, shuts the gates to keep out evil and poor people, and replacing the Garden of Love with a garden of death by substituting tombstones for flowers. Blake uses words that imply darkness and negativity, such as new building, gates, graves, black gowns, and briars. The positive images that are present in the first stanza of the poem eventually disappear and the poem is overflowing with negatives. And I saw it was filled with graves,/And tomb-stones where flowers should be:/And Priests in black gowns, were walking their rounds,/And binding with briars, my joys desires(9-12). The images of innocence and life that introduce d the persona finds her place of refuge overgrown with darkness and infected with limitations. As Jean Hagstrum said, It is always the institutional Urizen who perverts natural life. In the garden of love in Experience stands an altar, and priests read commands from a book on a lectern (531). What used to be a place lush with life and hope is being confined by negativity. Blakes use of conflicting imagery shows how negativity is infectious and limits love. Blake also uses the persona to show the effects of negativity on positivity. The persona changes throughout the poem as the influence of the organized Church on the environment increases. In the beginning, the voice is innocent, pure, open, and exploring, saying, I went to the Garden of Love,/and saw what I never had seen/Where I used to play on the green (1-4). The voice was individualistic and not influenced by any powers other than her own. However, as the poem progresses and the persona experiences more negativity, that voice changes. In the final lines, with the addition of internal rhyme scheme, the voice seems trapped and confused. And Priests in black gowns, were walking their rounds,/And binding with briars, my joys desires(11-12). 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Sex Drugs and Viloence on American Television Essay Example

Sex Drugs and Viloence on American Television Essay Example Sex Drugs and Viloence on American Television Essay Sex Drugs and Viloence on American Television Essay Jessica Kent kent1 English 1113 Sex, Drugs, And Violence On American Television Not very many parents would think that the television set would be their worst enemy located in there very own living room. More than seventy-five percent of our American television shows contain sexual and violent content, as well as drug and alcohol use. MTV, TLC, and TBS are some of the most popular channels that contain sex, drugs, and violence. Adolecents and children of many ages watch and learn from these television programs. Pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, addictions to drugs and alcohol, domestic abuse, and violent crimes have gained popularity on our television shows and in reality. The Western Journal of Medicine states that on the average, teenage viewers see upwards of 143 incidents of sexual behavior on prime time television a week. This includes movies, television series, music videos, and advertisements, all without any warnings concerning teenage pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases. The program Sixteen And Pregnant on MTV, glorifies teenage girls participating in sex and becoming pregnant with or without a father. In some cases, these girls have no family involvment or support whatsoever. Other shows, such as 90210 and Gossip Girls, target high school age children and younger generations with extreme sexual content. The average viewer age for these television shows is from eleven to seventeen. At this age, adolescents are developing sexual behaviors and attitudes, their actions and thoughts are easily influenced and the consequences of their actions are not thought out. They make decisions based on feelings, and this can lead to an unplanned pregnancy, a sexually transmitted disease, or both. ent2 There are not many shows that do not have some form of drug or alcohol use in the story line. â€Å"Weeds† on MTV is about a mother who sells marijuana to support her family. All the crime scene movies have some form of drug or alcohol use. Most often, the drug dealer has all the power and money, even though he is breaking the law. There are television shows like â€Å"Intervention† and â€Å"Celebrity Rehab† that show the end result of â€Å"trying† drugs or alcohol, but these shows are not the ones that target the younger generation. Continual exposure to the glamorization of drugs and alcohol by ur young people make them more curious about the effects. This youthful curiosity can lead to an early addiction which may follow them all of their lives. Drugs and alcohol are the â€Å"stepping stones† to sexual explicity and violence as well. Violence can be seen at any time on any channel including the Cartoon Network. Our children are being exposed to more violence on television than any other activity. Children are exposed to around 20 acts of violence on television per hour. Many cartoons present violence to young people. â€Å"Family Guy† is very violent. Children who watch alot of violent television tend to have behavior and attitudes. Without parental guidance, they may take the message from violent cartoons that aggression works and violence wins. Continued exposure may result in higher crime rates including more assaults and domestic violence. Sex, drugs, and violence on American television is never going to stop. With the constant repetition and exposure our children are being programmed to be more sexually active, quicker to try drugs and alcohol, and more violent. Due to this fact, there should be more supervision and parental controls should be installed and used properly to insure the safety of our children and family in our homes.

Discuss Chinas role in Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Discuss Chinas role in Africa - Essay Example It comes after the United States and has overtaken the United Kingdom. The growing relationship between China and Africa has been highlighted in two different events. First it took place in November 2006 in Beijing where the Forum on China Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) was held. The Second one took place in May 2007 in Shanghai. This was known as the annual meeting of the African Development Bank (ADB). This came immediately after the official release of the white paper by Beijing in early 2006 titled China’s Africa policy. It contained the contours of the China’s official policies directed towards the African countries. During the two events, China announced its engagement with Africa. China also made public the relationship which it considers to have mutual benefits basis and that it results in a win -win situation. However, critics have argued that China is taking advantage of the African exports which consists of oil and different raw materials. In return the imports t o Africa consist of Chinese goods which are cheaply manufactured. In fact, critics associate this to the earlier colonial era. It is considered that China’s desire to help Africa stems from their objective of obtaining raw materials and different sources of energy in Africa. According to Dillon (2009), the major objective behind this trade is to improve China’s current economic growth and its new markets of export. The existing trade is of importance to various actors and different African economies. However, proper discussion concerning the consequences of this kind of trade should be put in place. The relations between some African countries and China are deeply developing. China’s successive foreign ministers have visited the African continent yearly in the past 20 years. This frequent high level of exchanges portrays how important the relation between China and Africa is to the Chinese government. China as a country treasure face to face communication especi ally with the African leaders because it enables individuals to have the deepest understanding. There is existence of mutual support between China and African countries on several issues both international and regionally. According to Gries and Rosen (2010), most African countries have been committed in supporting China in different issues. From Africa, China is able to obtain raw materials and in exchange, China offer Africa some full support in various issues including peace, development and trade. In addition, China supports Africa in UN Security Council discussions because it perceives different opinions of the African countries to be of great importance. First, China assists Africa in times of adversity. History helps people know of the past, foresee the future and understand the present. From history, Africa just like the People’s Republic of China has been excluded from the international community. However, China considers Africa its ally and has always come out to sup port some African countries to solve its problems such as war and piracy. This is because of many reasons. First, some African countries supported China to restore its seat at the UN Security Council, which was delayed up to 1971, even though it was a member state that founded the UN. Consequently, African countries voted along with China in the 26th UN general assembly regarding resolution on whether to award PRC or not with the China’

Personal Statement for Graduate Admissions in Art History

For Graduate Admissions in Art History - Personal Statement Example My request for a chance to undertake a postgraduate program in Art History is not based on a yearning for a title of a postgraduate, but rather on my fervor of delving into Art History, thereby actualizing my career objective of working at a gallery, in the management and art niche. I have always been interested in Art. My mother reinforced my propensity for creativity and music and from childhood, I liked creating things, embroidering and painting and did various kinds of art. As I tried to understand Art, I developed interest in Art History. This interest influenced my choice of undergraduate program: I chose to pursue Bachelor of Arts with a double Major in Art History/Management and a Minor in German, which is perhaps the main strongest facet of my application. This academic program not only related to my career interest directly but also constituted a significant basis for me, providing me with tools for further working in the management niche in an art gallery where I am curren tly. My academic background has provided me with significant fundamental knowledge, which, on my enrolment for this program, will be of great help. As aforementioned, I possess a Bachelor of Arts with a double Major in Art History/Management, and a Minor in German. I decided to minor in German for several reasons: it being a requirement for graduate schools and my intention of holding a position as an Art Historian and Researcher at one of the art galleries in Germany, where I am currently located. This was in the view of the fact that in the field of art history, German is deemed essential. German film classes including ‘From WWII to Unification’ and ‘Rise/Fall of Germany’ as well as reading German literature in ‘Advanced German Conversation’ course have boosted me in broadening my horizons in German literature and culture, thus improving my German. Other academic qualifications include a Certificate in

Battle between operating systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Battle between operating systems - Essay Example (White, 2011) Fast forward 5 years and we witnessed the release of the iPhone 4S in October last year, with cumulative sales in excess of 183 million units. Currently Apple holds 15% market share globally. The latest model of the iPhone is the 4S which is essentially looks the same as the previous model the iPhone4 (released June’10) but feature wise is much more powerful. The 4S has the better A9 1 GHz dual core processor compared to the single core A8 processor, an improved camera, 8mp over 5 mp, and a natural voice command service called the Siri. The 4S also features the capability to record video in 1080p FullHD quality, compared to the 720p HD quality of the iPhone 4. iPhone 5 is still under development and the rumor mill is running high regarding the design and specs of the new gadget. (GSMArena Team, 2011) Coming to the iPhone iOS, it offers a user experience which creates ‘sticky’ customers i.e. they find it difficult to switch to other companies. With propriety services such as Siri, iCloud and iMessage along with an access to iTunes and the AppStore, the iPhone users have now become a bunch of dedicated loyal customers accustomed to the particular interface which the others do not offer. Furthermore with the presence of other products such as the iPad, iPod, Mac and Apple TV, Apple is trying hard to integrate them as much as possible. This will further help in retaining customers. As far as the support services are concerned, Apple provides an online support service to tackle with any technical problems, other than that there is the option of checking the online forums for support, as there is a dedicated number of online users ready to provide assistance to others. The reason why Apple may succeed in the battle of the OS is because it has a loyal number of consumer base available to them. The iOS has now become synonymous with ease of use and customer

Regular Attendance In All Classes Education Essay

Regular Attendance In All Classes Education Essay Regular attendance in all classes at school or university is essential to improving academic achievement. Questions of personal development of students and the formation of their readiness for future professional activities are keys to the theory and practice of improving the work of modern education institutions.  This is because the initial phase of assimilation with profession comes just during learning, as well as the process of self-determination of a young man in life: he forms his life and philosophical positions, develop individualized methods of work, behavior and communication.   In this case one of the leading problems is to build such a system in educational institutions that will be optimal for not only personal development of students, but also their professional development as specialists, their readiness to work. Consequently, more urgent becomes the problem of identifying the relationship and interdependence of two processes: the personal and professional development of student and the process of studying.  Thats why it is necessary to determine how the learning process and attendance of college or university affect personal characteristics of students: their professionalism, willingness to work, depth of knowledge, and a total success in the future profession. Education is part of the process of personality formation.  Through this process, society transmits knowledge, skills from one person to many other.  During studying the student is not only given, but also imposes certain points of view, opinions, social and cultural values.   The learning process is aimed at the socialization of the individual, but sometimes it interferes with the true interests of the student. For example, some students prefer the process of self-education and not attending schools or university, but rather choose learning by correspondence or distance learning.   But here the question arises: how effective is that education?   Also, some students do not attend university or college because it is a waste of time for them.  However, in the future, these students will have to work, and their professional knowledge and skills are in question.  Consequently, there is a fundamental question: how attendance of the university or college affects the professionalism and success in the future work of the student? Full-time education and lessons attendance in the learning process The traditional form of education is the internal form, when students should strictly attend classes, lectures and seminars.  Most students continue to choose this form of education despite the difficulties of economic nature: during 5 years students will not be able to work full time, and will have to devote most of the time to studying.   In this paper we consider the importance of such form of education for students, and in particular the importance of attendance of classes for their future professional activities. The main purpose of full-time education, when students attend classes, is that the learning process should give students a certain system of knowledge, should work out a certain way of thinking, should give practice of progressive efforts to obtain and use the knowledge. This type of education is the most widely used today and is based on obtaining the knowledge and skills under the scheme: the study of new material consolidation of the material learnt monitoring of results and their evaluation. The main characteristics of full-time education is that:   first, that teachers give students their knowledge, experience and skills;    secondly, teachers not only provide students with the necessary stock of knowledge, but also instruct them on various options of life and job situations. This suggests that classes in schools and universities not only provide students with all the necessary information, but also give the social aspects of educating young people.  The above conditions are complementary, and give students all-round development. Based on this, the most common presentation of full-time education, we should pay attention to some specific features of traditional schooling.  There is a joke that has a deep sense: Education is what remains with a person after he forgets everything he was taught.  Indeed, much of the information people get is usually forgotten after some time, but self-educational and social aspects of learning remain. On this basis, it would be logical to assume, that together with the giving a certain amount of facts and algorithms, the most important task of education is the development of intellectual capacities of students. From a classroom management viewpoint, there are many logistical reasons to require attendance. Group projects are very negatively affected when a group member does not show up for labs. Class morale is lowered when students show up late and have no clue of the topic being discussed. Students claiming that coming to class is unnecessary to get good grades influence other students, even if they do benefit from attending class. (Clump et al. 2003) However, class expedience is a secondary issue, compared to every instructors responsibility to teach her course as effectively as possible. Learning is a joint and wonderful journey between each student, her peers and her instructors. Although the world of academia is rapidly changing with an ever increasing distance- learning component, the sole reading of a textbook (or watching of a screen) cannot be compared in richness and effectiveness of a classroom experience. To fully present the importance of full-time education and lessons attendance, it is necessary to give characteristics of students that prefer full-time education and attend lessons. Who is now a regular full-time student?  This is usually a young man who understands that for serious work you must have higher education.  He deliberately chooses a full-time education, wishing to devote five or six years of his life learning, mastering the profession.  He believes that the acquired knowledge will help to find work in his soul, to take a worthy place in life, to grow in the profession and to ensure an acceptable quality of life for themselves and their future family. Many research and experiments about the regular attendance show that students who attend classes achieve better results in education. For example Clump et al. (2003) studied the effect of attending class in a course in General Psychology,comparing the performance of students who were present on days were given with those who were not present. They conclude that attending class is one of the best things students can do with regards to their grades. This is the case for both the immediate future and for the entire course. (Clump et al. 2003) Of cource not all studies find a significant correlation between attendance and academic performance of students, but still the evidence is very clear. The advantages of full-time education and importance of attending classes The advantages of full-time education and attending classes are the following: 1.  It is an opportunity for direct communication with the teachers, because the personal factor plays a huge role in any work, and especially in education as from teachers lectures students can learn much more than from a textbook or the Internet. 2.  Full-time students have time to visit libraries, conferences, and that, of course, deepens the theoretical knowledge, which is a necessary for professional competency. 3.  Full-time students have more opportunities to realize themselves in the faculty and the institutes activities, that is to participate in the informal life of the university.  This is of great importance for students, because it is the experience of public speeches, reports and other types of professional activity, which is important for their future career. 4.  A graduate degree of full-time education has traditionally higher value than any other form of education.  The employer understands that the student who has devoted five years of his life to studying the profession, has not only acquired a vast knowledge, but also learned how to produce his own labor. Unfortunately, attendance policy has some shortcomings, especially they are important in our times, when grants are small, and the opportunity to work for students is excluded because of lack of time. Of course, full-time education provides fewer opportunities for part-time job, as classes at the institute, as a rule, take time from nine oclock in the morning to five oclock in the evening daily, except weekends. So when some students are forced to look for jobs, they have less time for good studying, regular visits of lectures, seminars and libraries. Unfortunately, apart from a real desire to acquire knowledge and mastery of good profession, sometimes student come to high school for very different reasons, for example when parents make them to do this.  These students often failed to see an independent life after graduation, and do not understand why they need certain knowledge, what they want in the future profession.  This leads to infantile attitude to educational process, focus on formal memory from some students and the desire to just get a good grade, or slip from others.  Some of the criticism for implementing an attendance policy is that it assumes that students cannot judge what is good for them, and that they, not the instructor should decide if they should attend a particular class on a particular day. To make a rational decision to attend or skip class, a student must judge the value of each of these two options. But, it is in the human nature that immediate necessities are preferred over long-term advantages (K ahn et al., 2004). To assume that a young person can appreciate the long-term value of education is a weighty assumption. In all cases, any decision seems rational from the viewpoint of the person taking it. In the case of class attendance, students may skip class for reasons that have nothing to do with bettering their learning. If the student is viewed simply as the instructors customer, then any student decision is, by definition, right. The same way that the instructor chose not to stop by the coffee shop and get his coffee before coming to class, the student chose to skip it. In both cases, it is a students decision. Of course, the situation is changing in senior courses, when student usually already have a professional interest, and begin to think about future employment. Often, students find a job during university studies mainly in order to try out their future profession, to acquire the necessary experience and facilitate their employment after high school. In addition, many students do not understand the importance of learning each subject from the original sources.  Information obtained from the Internet can not replace the material of textbooks, which contain the authors view on the events and phenomena, that present information in a discussion manner and encourage students to think independently.  The role of books in education is still difficult to overestimate.   In any profession there can be more than one specialization.  The system of production practices will help students understand what exactly he wants to do, and simultaneously check the correctness of the chosen profession.  In addition, students need to know and use the opportunity to obtain additional specializations in learning. For example, at the faculty of Management there is an opportunity to learn specialization international management to learn further several world management practices and so on.  This will allow students to have a broader look at their future profession, but also improve the chances of finding employment.   Starting from the second year all students write and defend courseworks.  At the upper classes students have the opportunity to choose the theme of course work with the expectation of a particular use. For example, a fourth-year students of faculty of State and municipal management have course works tasks to produce a business plan. It is a well-known fact that a business plan is a required document for many firms, so the skills of making a good business plan are essential for every professional manager in future. Conclusion and my attitude to the topic This paper shows that there is enough and consistent evidence to conclude that student attendance is important for getting good knowledge, skills, it improves student academic performance and professional characteristics. Generally the system of full-time education and classes attendance is based on the following principle: it is assumed that the student consciously choose future profession and ready to work on the acquiring necessary knowledge and skills, thus, responsibility for the outcome of the learning process rests largely on the student, as it is assumed that he has an active interest in this. I fully agree about the importance of full-time education. Im sure that college or university attendance gives students plenty of opportunities to get knowledge, skills that are necessary for future profession. Such students have far more opportunities not only to get information relevant to the future job, but to develop their own skills and talents. Also full-time education provide students with opportunities to try themselves in future profession, to acquire the necessary experience and facilitate their employment after high school or university. For example many technical colleges have practical lessons in specialized enterprises, engaged in training students of relevant specialties within their walls.  Some subjects students learn not at their desks and not in the teaching laboratories, but directly in the factories, where they can observe the work of unique equipment and try their skills.   Similar processes take place in the humanities courses, when during the practice students work in advertising agencies, public opinion research centers, labor exchanges.   The conclusion may be that the main objective of any education, whether secondary or higher education is to teach people to think independently, to teach students the chosen subjects and professions.  But achieving such a goal is impossible to imagine without the activity of students interested in the results of their training. In conclusion I would like to note that the choice of full-time education is a major step for the future of the student and his family.  It is difficult, but the most productive and promising way of acquiring a profession.  More and more young people nowadays understand that lessons attendance opens new opportunities for self-realization, finding good job, moving up the social ladder, providing a decent standard of living.

The Life and Writings of St. Paul Essays -- English Literature Essays

The Life and Writings of St. Paul Paul, formerly a persecutor of Christians, was on the road to Damascus when suddenly God spoke to him. â€Å"Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?† (Acts 9:4) God asked. Paul was then blinded and led by his friends to Damascus, where a disciple named Ananias was waiting for him. Ananias cured Paul’s blindness and baptized him. From then on, Paul was devoted to spreading the Good News all over the world. Having returned to Damascus, he stayed there for a little while, preaching that Jesus is the Son of God. Because of this the Jews began to hate him and Paul had to flee from the city. Then he went to the city of Jerusalem to meet Paul, the head of the new Church. After leaving Jerusalem he was called by Barnabus to come to Antioch. One year later there was a large famine and both Barnabus and Paul were sent to the poor Christian community at Jerusalem. Having fulfilled their goals they returned to Antioch. Soon after this, Paul and Barnabus made their first missionary journey, visiting the island of Cyprus. Then they took a trip to Asia Minor and established new churches in Iconium and Lystra. After the Apostolic Council of Jerusalem, Paul made his second missionary journey, first visiting churches that had already been established by him in Asia Minor. At Troas Paul had a vision, which he translated as a call from God to convert in Macedonia. To do this, Paul sailed for Europe, and preached the Gospel in Philippi. He also went to ...

Tutorial answers

If the system already exists, different scenarios can be tried using he model before tests being carried out on the real system. Alternatively if the system does not exist, the model can be used to help decide on the final design of a system. Often there are constraints on the design that need to be investigated e. G. Constraints on cost, space, etc. Modification to systems once they exist can be expensive hence it is important to try and get design of systems ‘right-first-time' and this is where modeling and simulation can be useful engineering tools.Example: see lecture notes weekly under section Why is modeling important ?. 2 See notes 3. Components of system Inputs Outputs States Environment Tank Valve Pipes Inlet Flows of A and B Liquid level Level change in tank Upstream of inlet to tank and downstream of outlet valve 4. See notes 5. See notes 6. Bookwork (as coursework 1) TUTORIAL ANSWERS 2 El . A proportional relationship for a component is here considered to be an unch anging relationship (and is often referred to in modeling terms as a constitutive or physical relationship).These are the natural physical laws which the individual components of the system obey e. G. For an electrical system, the relationship between voltage and current and in the special case of an ideal resistor – Ohm's Law FRR. I E. Kerchiefs Current Law : algebraic summation of all currents flowing into a junction of a network is zero. Kerchiefs Voltage Law: algebraic summation of all voltages acting around a loop of a circuit is zero. Examples – see section 2. 2. Of lecture notes. E. The impedance of an element is its voltage:current ratio.Multiple Choice: Electrical Systems El(b) E(C) Problems: Electrical Systems El . 3. 3 0, Ohm's Law is obeyed since the resistance is constant as the voltage varies Q. 40 A E. IV E. (a) 4. 4 0 (b) 16 (c) 4. 4 E. (a) 0. 68 V (b) 0. 47 V (c) 0. 34 V E. (a) 0. 2 V, 205 ma (b) 1. 03 V, 52 ma (c) 1. 16 V, 193 ma E. = 30/84 v = 0. 357 *12 volts = 4. Volts E. VI = 366/191 = 1. 92 V, TUTORIAL ANSWERS 3 MI . (I) spring f = xx= k(XSL -xx) where x is the displacement (or extension) and k is the proportionality constant called the spring constant with units of force/displacement e. . N/m. Damper f = BE k(FL – vi) where v is the velocity and B is the proportionality constant called a viscous friction coefficient or constant. Its dimension is force/velocity e. G. NSA/m. MM. See lecture notes. The force balance law demands that (a the acceleration). Analogies: This is analogous to Kerchiefs voltage law, particularly if one treats the inertia acceleration as an equivalent force. Note: In order to model a mechanical system, the usual practice is to form a free body diagram around each inertia (mass) component.One will then end up with a set of simultaneous differential equations, the solution of which dictates the dynamics and constitutes the system model. In the case where there are no mass components, then ensure a force balance at selected points in the system. That is the net force acting on any point must be zero, I. E. Multiple Choice: Mechanical Systems MI . G) MM. (a,b) Problems: Mechanical Systems MI. O. AN MM. 0. 05 arms Question/ Variable (NSA/m) 812 834 Biota I 2 1217 24/19= 1 . 263 4 15/8 60/47 = 1 . 276 Questions: Thermal and Fluid Systems TFH .A system is said to be in equilibrium when its behavior is steady I. E its output and inputs are unchanging. For the liquid level system with an inlet and outlet flow, this corresponds to the inlet and outlet flows being the same. Multiple Choice: Thermal and Fluid Systems TFH. (b) TFH. (c) Problems: Thermal and Fluid Systems TFH . The flow cannot be assumed to be laminar as the proportionality constant is not inner as the flow increases through the pipe I. E. I/R resistance (Pa. s/mm) 3 TUTORIAL ANSWERS 4 IQ .Methods that can be used to determine the gradient of the straight line at t=2 sec are: (I) plot a graph and determine where t=2 or (it) differentiate x(t) with respect to t and substitute t=2. Q. (a) Q. See lecture notes Q. Completing the table gives: Electrical Component Equation Mechanical Component Rotational Component Inductor Inertia Rotating inertia Resistor Damper Capacitor Spring Torsion's spring Q. (a) Using free body diagram on the mass-damper system of Fig. 5. 1, the mass and ampere can be considered to be in parallel.Force balance gives: where: Hence: (b) Similarly for the spring-damper system of Fig. 5. 2 Force balance gives: where: , (c) For the rotational pulley of Fig. 5. 3, a torque balance is required: Torque balance gives:and where:, , Q. (a) For a resistor and capacitor in series of Fig. 6. 1 Apply Kerchiefs Voltage Law gives: (b) For a resistor and inductor in series of Fig. 6. 2 where: , , (c) For a 5 resistors and a capacitor system of Fig. 6. 3, observe that this is nearly the same system as shown in Tutorial Sheet 2 Problem E but with the addition of the opacity.Hence: where: with and H ence as in Qua. : Q. Q. Material balance on tank: rate of change of mass floodwater = mass flow in – mass flow out assume constant density 0 and area: Given: , A = 7 mm, R = 0. 14 her/mm and Sin = 100 mm/her substituting gives: Tutorial Answers 5, 6 IQ Bookwork straight from notes: Ask in a tutorial if stuck and/or use MENTAL to generate solutions and check against you work. E. G. For 1st of these t=alliances(O,2,100); ext=subs(x,t); fugue(l reset Q: Throughout Q assume a model of the form Steady-state is 0. 6. Initial value is -1. Rise is given as 1. . 63% of rise is given by which implies x(t) has this value at about t=O. 25 sec and therefore T=O. 25, Steady-state is 30. Initial value is 2. Rise is given as 28. 63% of rise is given by 0. 63*28=17. 64 which implies x(t)=19. 64. X(t) has this value at about t=5 sec and therefore T=5, k=30. Steady-state is 50. Initial value is 20. Rise is given as 30. 63% of rise is given by 0. 63*30=18. 9 which implies x(t)=38. 9. X(t) has th is value at about t=50 sec and therefore T=50, k=50. Q: Maximum current is at t=O and given as V/R: Therefore R=V/I = 5/0. 004 = mashes.Time constant is given by ARC, so T=ms implies that C=. 005/1250 = 4 micro. Q: Parameters give a time constant of cosec so after 30 sec aircraft at 95% of steady-state land speed. 1 MPH is the same as mutterer pH or (1609/3600)m/s MPH is the same as mom/s Steady-state is given as f/B. Therefore min f required is BIB [ scaled by (11. 95) to be precise]. Q: Model is Bad/dot +xx=f or (B/k) DXL/dot +x =f/k Desired time constant is about 0. Sec, therefore (B/k)=O. 8 so k=NON/m Steady-state displacement is given as (1 /k)f = 0. 04, and therefore f=AN is required. Tutorial Answers 7 1 .Find the Lovelace transform of the following signals: Students should use MENTAL to check their working here, e. G. Ray the command: 2. Use partial fractions, a lookup table and inverse Lovelace to find the underlying signals with the following transforms. Students should us e MAT to check their working, e. G. 3. What is the final value for signals with the following transforms? Use the Pit but note that: (I) there is no final value if the signal is divergent which is the case for 5th (obvious from negative sign) and (it) for convergent signals, the final value must be zero if there is no integrator.Hence only 2nd and 6th have a non-zero values which must be 4 and 0. 5 respectively. 4. Which of the following transforms has the fastest settling time? What are the settling times to within 5% of steady-state? Time constants are negative inverses of poles. One can estimate time to 5% error as approximately three times slowest time constant (exact for 1st order but no strict generalization when many poles due to uncertainty about partial fractions). Time constant is the negative inverse of the pole. So pole at -0. 25 gives T=4, etc. 5. Sketch the poles and zeros of the following transforms on an Regard diagram.By marking the LAP and RAP clearly, hence determ ine which represent stable and unstable behavior. Students should use MENTAL to check their working for his, for example, doing 4th as follows will produce a fugue with poles marked in Y and zeros in ‘o': Systems are stable if and only if all the poles are in the LAP – the origin is counted as being in the LAP. The positions of the zeros do not affect stability. Tutorial Answers 8 1 . The inverse Lovelace transform of a transfer function is called the â€Å"impulse response function†. If a system has an impulse response function given by g(t) t(l-sin(t)).Compute its transfer function, G(s). 2. Use Lovelace methods to solve the following ODE equations. 3. Give examples of type O, type 1 and type 2 systems. Has does this affect the expected behavior? Bookwork 4. Which of the following transforms for 1st order ODES has the highest gain? What are the gains? What are the time constants? Determine and sketch the step responses for each of these. Gains are 4, 3, 1. 5 an d 1. 125 respectively. Time constants are 4, 0. 2, 1. 25, 0. 5 respectively. As these are 1st order, sketching step response follows same procedures as tutorial 5,6.Tutorial Answers 9, 10 1 . Bookwork – read some control text books to broaden your views on the uses and potential of control. 2. This is also straight from the notes but your understanding will also be improved by some wider reading. Don't Just stick to your main discipline, but look at examples from chemical, aerospace, automotive, medical, electrical, biological, etc. 3. Straightforward application of the Pit. 2nd set has an integrator and hence the offset is known to be zero. Otherwise, use formula. Confirm this with MENTAL, I. E. Plot is seen to settle at 0. 52 4. The 1st part is taken direct from the lecture slides so not repeated here. The closed-loop time constant and rise time are: Time constant +AKA), closed-loop game = AKA/(I+AKA), where A=4/5, -r=o. 2 Hence 0. 2/(1 +K/5)O. 8 which gives K >4+3. K or 0. K>4 or K>5. Confirm this using MENTAL, ii. Use G=TFH(4,[1 %% plot in a figure It is clear that the time closed loop pole polynomial is (s+ [1 +AKA]/T) and hence the pole is in the LAP for all positive K which implies closed-loop stability. Discussion of large K is bookwork – read some text books. 5.This question is designed to make a student think and experiment. To meet specifications, the closed-loop is given as Clearly the steady-state gain is unity as expected so the offset requirement is met. The closed-loop poles are determined from the roots of the denominator and we want the poles to be to the left of -2. 5 ‘e. (s+2. 5) is equivalent to (0. As+1). Both roots can be placed at 2. 5 if In the future students will recognize that lower values of K will give a slower pole and higher values of K will give rise to oscillation. 6. Standard question.Form closed-loop transfer function and find characteristic polynomial for all 3 cases. You will need to do the partial frac tions for all 3 and sketch, but you can use MENTAL to check your answers. E. G form the three closed-loop transfer functions and then type feedback(GO,GO,GO) to see all 3 together. N.B.: 63 is seem 2 content. Clearly Just proportional is fastest, but gives a large offset. GIG is smooth (2 real poles) ND no offset. But poles are well spaced so this is conservative. 63 has similar response time to GIG (same slowest time constant), but has complex poles and thus oscillation.Conclusion, PI is best! Typical exam type question outline answer a) Let the internal temperature be given as T degrees. The rate of heat supplied is given as: The heat loss OHIO(T+50) Hence the temperature is given by: In steady-state we desire T=20 which implies that b) If the external temperature drops by 10 degrees, then the model becomes: which implies the new steady-state temperature will be 6 degrees! The time constant is clearly 1000 sec. Students should sketch a graph showing the temperature moving from 20 to 6 with the appropriate time constant. ) If the heat input from the passengers is increased, the model becomes In the case, the change in temperature is negligible which suggests that for this scenario the key factor is the external temperature and heaters rather than any heat coming from the passengers. D) Clearly the open-loop choice of voltage does not maintain the temperature correctly in general and so some control is needed. It is known that the correct steady-state can only be achieved in the presence of uncertainty if integral action is included.The steady-state error too change in desired temperature is given by because K(O) is infinite, irrespective of changes in the gain of G or disturbances such as changes in external temperature! Students should first put the equations for the model and integral control law into Lovelace transforms about the steady-state: Hence The closed-loop transfer function is given as Students should validate that the time constants are reasonabl e and that the closed- loop is stable! The time constants are given from the roots of the closed-loop denominator. Students should note that these are similar to the original time constant and thus satisfactory.

History of Affirmative Action

History of Affirmative Action Free Online Research Papers In the 1960’s, President John F. Kennedy first introduced the term Affirmative Action, which he described it as, â€Å"the first step at taking extra measures to ensure integration in federally funded jobs.† Affirmative action policies are used to increase opportunities for minorities by favoring them in hiring and promotions, college admissions, and government contract awards. Minorities include any underrepresented group, especially one depending on race, gender or ethnicity. Those deprecating affirmative action believe that it is unfair to discriminate against members of one group today to compensate for discrimination against other groups in the past. Today, affirmative action has become a very controversial issue among Americans, especially when it comes to college admissions. Universities are now making it harder for the majority (white males) to attend because of their emphasis on diversity. In Jim Huber’s cartoon Politically Correct, he appeals to patho s by using satire to tackle this highly controversial issue. It can most easily be inferred that Jim Huber believes that it is unfair that minorities receive favoritism in college admissions over whites. Huber’s primary intention of the cartoon is located on the surface. By casually reading the cartoon, it appears to be funny, but after analyzing and dissecting it, a deeper meaning can be found Policymakers fervently believe that more than three centuries of enslavement, oppression, and discrimination had so economically deprived African Americans that some mechanism had to be put in place that would at least allow them a fighting chance. Blacks were locked out of the highest paid positions and made considerably fewer dollars than their white counterparts in the same job. Moreover, the number of African Americans enrolling in the nation’s undergraduate and graduate school schools was extremely low. Affirmative Action is a vehicle to correct injustice. The original intent of Affirmative Action was not to provide jobs and other advantages to blacks solely because of the color of their skin, but to provide economic opportunities for those who are competent and qualified. D ue to a history of discrimination, even those with outstanding credentials were often locked out. As the years wore on, it was deemed necessary to add other minorities-such as Native Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Americans-as well as women to the list of those requiring affirmative action in order to achieve a measure of economic justice. Not knowing that his statement on equality would once apply to white males as well, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. once preached, â€Å"one should not be judged by the color of their skin, but the content of their character.† Because those in the minority are showing steps towards advancement, many believe that affirmative action is no longer necessary. â€Å"The cry for affirmative action makes no sense if the goal is simply equal treatment before the law.† This reverse discrimination is not needed because of the increase of minority enrollment in top colleges and universities and also the advancement of them in the workplace. Those opposing affirmative action feel that it is unnecessary to screen students based on race, ethnicity or gender; and many college admissions boards are selecting students in the underrepresented groups over those who are more qualified. Many feel that selection criteria should be race neutral and colleges and universities should try to attrac t minority students by holding recruitment fairs in locations that are under-served. In addition, some believe that affirmative action deteriorates the self-esteem of minorities in our society because everyone believes that they only got where they are because of the law. Statistics indicate, 57% of African Americans oppose affirmative action, and 65% approve affirmative action based on income. Those in this category feel that preferences should go to the impecunious many with low income. In the world of competition: â€Å"fairness is in the eye of the beholder.† Many believe that affirmative action is a form of reverse discrimination; however, because of the small percentage of minorities attending four-year colleges compared with that of white males, those individuals in the majority still have a great chance of attending the school they wish to enroll in. In addition, contrary to what some may believe, â€Å"emphasizing diversity has not meant admitting unqualified students.† Colleges look for students who will create rich academic and social communities and have the best odds of success in college and their future careers. Colleges also look at different â€Å"academic, geographic, international, socioeconomic, athletic, public, and racial and ethnic,† backgrounds when selecting their students. Affirmative action helps qualified candidates overcome racism and sexism and it is estimated that â€Å"by the time todays college students are at the height of their careers, one-third of the population will be comprised of African Americans and Latinos/Latinas.† By leveling the playing field- affirmative action gives people of color and women the chance to compete in education and business. . . â€Å"White men hold 95% to 97% of the high-level corporate jobs† and without the institution of affirmative action, those in the minority would still face discrimination. The fact remains that, â€Å"if half of the people of color who are admitted to schools under affirmative action programs were cut, the acceptance rate of white males would only increase by 2%.† Almost all business leaders understand that affirmative action is necessary to develop a strong workforce. Not only do women and people of color have a lot to offer their communities, but they also ensure diversity, something highly important to the backbone of society. By viewing the two arguments of affirmative action from a logical standpoint, it is easy to concur that affirmative action is highly beneficial to our society. Affirmative action is in no way reverse discrimination or preference, it is merely a program to ensure equal opportunities and diversity in our communities. It is necessary to ensure â€Å"women and people of color of every economic class have the opportunity to enter all fields.† Until women and people of color get equal pay and education, affirmative action is critical policy in our nation. Because our society is not yet completely colorblind, and because fairness is in the eye of the beholder, affirmative action will be necessary until complete reformation is accumulated. Affirmative Action only opens doors; it is the job and responsibility of women and people of color to walk through those doors by themselves. Research Papers on History of Affirmative ActionMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New Employees19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraWhere Wild and West MeetComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andHip-Hop is ArtCapital PunishmentStandardized Testing History of Affirmative Action Free Online Research Papers A man of African decent wakes up one early morning and walks into his kitchen. He greets his wife with a cheerful, optimistic, â€Å"Good morning!† and sits to eat his breakfast. His wife sits beside him and together they discuss the financial burden they are in. Luckily, the man has an exceptional shot at an impressive job position and is going for the interview today. He kisses his wife goodbye and heads off to the interview. Once he arrives he sits down and has a wonderful meeting. He is well suited and qualified for the position. Once he gets up to leave, a Caucasian man walks in for an interview for the same position. He sits down and within five minutes, he is given the job. Now, obviously the best choice for an employee was not chosen. In this situation, the employer would rather have one race working for him over another. There are many other situations like this one that may even be caused by the religious values, national origin, or sex of a person. Whichever the case, Affirmative Action should be used to stop these acts of discrimination and help create more equal and friendlier opportunities for people. By using Affirmative Action, more opportunities will be opened up, stereotypes can be eliminated, and the world will become a more equal place. Let’s first understand where Affirmative Action originated. It all started when the Thirteenth Amendment was established to abolish slavery. The Fourteenth Amendment was then added to guarantee equal rights to all citizens under law, and the Fifteenth soon followed, which forbids all racial discrimination during voting. These Amendments were made to make all races more equal in life. However, though there were laws, many people still didn’t follow the rules completely. Since those Amendments were enforced, situations have arisen that still do not follow the nondiscrimination laws. There were many court cases presented because of the failure to except others as equals. In 1896, the Plessy v. Ferguson case caused for the ruling of a doctrine that was supposed to keep races separate but equal. However, the African Americans in this situation were still not treated fairly. It was during this time that the Jim Crow laws started spreading throughout the south. In 19 41, Executive Order 8802 was signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. This order was meant to help efforts of the Black trade union. Then, in 1954 the Brown v. Board of Education case overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson case which helped eliminate Jim Crow laws. Even though all these major events were taking place, not a lot of progress was being made. Basically, most people were angry about decisions made by the courts, which caused people to want even less to do with other races. Then Affirmative Action was established. President Lyndon Johnson was the first to use this term in 1965. He established Executive Order 11246, which required workers to take in Affirmative Action to make sure employment was given to the right person without the factors of religion, sex, race, or national origin. Since then, Affirmative Action has been a working factor in the neutralization of the United States (Sykes). So why do we need Affirmative Action? To begin with, opportunities are greatly taken away from minorities everyday. For example, in 1931 the Davis-Bacon Act was passed that preserved white male construction jobs from being taken by less expensive black-labor. Little do some people know that this act is still in effect today which limits the number of minority men and women allowed in the construction trade: Davis-Bacon limits competition and work opportunities for public projects, which is a $60 billion market funded by taxpayers through preferential treatment based on 1931 union standards. Eliminating Davis-Bacon would improve opportunities for minority workers and minority firms to gain work and build a lucrative future in construction (Davis-Bacon Impact on Minorities). What Affirmative Action does in this situation is set percentages of minorities that the employer must have working for him or her. Therefore, if a person goes strictly by the Davis-Bacon Act, he or she could be in trouble for not having the correct percentages of all races and sex working for him or her. There are other opportunities cut off to minorities outside of business. When the thirteenth Amendment was established, which abolished slavery, many African Americans found their jobs in factories belonging to down town cities. It is known that the living conditions in inner cities are much cheaper than moving out to suburbs. It is also known that the educational values in inner cities are not as impressive as outer suburb education. These inner city students tend to get looked past. For example, scholarships are a big deciding factor on where a student will attend college. Therefore, students coming out of these poorer families need the extra scholarship funding to help wit h their financial college needs. Affirmative Action gives scholarships to people of just minority race to help give the jump-start they need. Without Affirmative Action, these students could not be chosen for scholarships and could fall behind. Falling behind would only cause the students to stay in the inner city slumps. The longer a person stays in the inner city, the harder it is to get out. Secondly, the world is full of stereotypes against different races, religions, and even sex. Dictionary.com defines stereotype as an oversimplified image, conception, or opinion of a type or group of people. Most stereotypes originate from the human abilities each race holds such as intelligence, athletic ability, or lack there of (Harpalani). For example, some people think of Mexicans as lazy or apathetic. Therefore, when a person of Mexican decent walks in for a job interview given by a man who believes this stereotype, the chances of him or her receiving the job drops dramatically. This is simply because no one wants a lazy person working for them. The job would never get done. However, what if that person is in fact a good worker? What if that person was perfectly suited for that job? It is not right that people have to go through these situations because of what people might think. What about African Americans? When people think of African Americans they may get intimidated or scared at what they might do. Most African Americans not associated with professional sports are immediately thought of as violent or dangerous. According to, A Journal of American History, every Black male in their twenties was in jail, probation, or been convicted of drug handling (Katz, Stern, and Fader as qtd. in Gerstle 94). By reading article after article like this, people start to form views and stereotypes about these different types of people. These actions are not how all people of this race are, however. Some of these people could be turned away from opportunities that they deserve because of these false stereotypes. It is true that there are some crazy people out there, however these crazy people come from all races and religions. With Affirmative Action, stereotypes could be eliminated. When the employers are forced to give minorities jobs to meet the percentages, they may be able to see the person’s real side. With that, stereotypes will eventually fade away. With opportunities opening up and stereotypes disappearing, the world could become a more equal and fair place to live. As of right now, the world and even the United States is divided between races and religions. Although, some people are starting to view others equally, â€Å"we’re not yet at that point where things are race-neutral† (Powell as qtd. in Powell Defends Affirmative Action in College Admissions). There are still problems with how people treat one another and work with each other. If people get the chance to experience other races and religions and learn the true person, the world overall may learn that true person as well. Imagine a place where people all can compromise with each other and everyone is judged based on personality. Appearance is never made fun of and everyone gives everyone a fair chance in society. This would surely be considered country, if not world, peace. This place as of right now is imaginary. However, with Affirmative Acti on, the world could lose the stereotyping and negativity given to minorities. With this name calling eliminated, where people live could be a more peaceful and equal place to live. With that, everyone could live a longer, happier life. Without the help of Affirmative Action, minorities would rarely be given jobs and the prejudice employers would never learn that the stereotyping is wrong. Without people learning the truth about other people, the world can never reach full equality and peace. This peace and equality is all possible with Affirmative Action. Some people fear how it will affect themselves. For example, some Caucasians may be afraid that Affirmative Action could take job opportunities away from them. What these people do not understand is that there are plenty of employers willing to give them job positions. If these people can simply learn to agree and understand the need for it, they will soon realize the fear they have is unnecessary. All that needs to be done is to convince people to treat others as they would want to be treated. This is something that most people are taught at a very young age. It should not be difficult to act upon it as mature, intelligent adults. Good behavior to other races may include not using racial slurs or thinking down on a person because of what he or she looks like. What good do racial comments serve anyway? If they serve no good purpose, then why do people feel it is necessary to say them? To answer this question, let’s think about relationships in a grade school or high school setting. When it comes to girls during these years, a lot of harmful things can be said about one another. Nasty comments are only a result of self-consciousness. People like this think that in order for a person to feel better about his or herself, he or she must make someone else look worse. Therefore, racial comments are only an act of the lack of confidence in oneself. People these comments simply because they want to feel superior to the people around them. People in order to sound â€Å"cool† or to stand out in a crowd also use racial comments. It is easy to laugh at someone, and laughter is a fun thing to have with a group of people. So why not throw some funny racial slurs in the conversations to spice things up? The reason is because the people in the surrounding area will feel it is okay to joke around about other people, which takes away from the pleasant world most people want. Not to mention, no one wants to be made fun of for things that are beyond their control. Not using racial comments keeps a lighter, happier environment that can still be fun and pleasant to be in. Another way Affirmative Action can be used without it affecting others is to make others look for a person’s qualities during interviews rather than the appearance. If everyone learned to do this, Affirmative Action wouldn’t be needed. However, not everyone gives people the fair chance that they deserve as mentioned above. So, help these people that are getting cheated by doing the civil thing. When someone comes into an interview, give him or her the fair chance that they deserve. Everyone deserves a fair chance. Eventually, those set against it will come around to find that it isn’t as hard as they think. Another way that is easy to cope with the Affirmative Action rules is to think positive about them. Life will be hard to work through if the thought of being cheated is used constantly. When is comes to applying for scholarships, students often get irritated at the fact that many scholarships are marked for only minorities. These students need to understand however, that there are many other scholarships that they can still apply for. Also, they could still apply for those minority scholarships. The applications do not say Caucasians cannot apply, they state that they prefer minority to majority race. There are instances where Caucasians apply for minority scholarships and receive the scholarship. This is because not all minorities take advantage of the situations given. For example, a full-blooded Italian student from Christopher High School states, â€Å"Honestly, I really don’t need to receive anything. But, because I am 100% Italian, I can receive various scholar ships to help through college. This can be helpful for other full blooded Italians who are struggling to go to school.† This student understands that there are options out there, but since she does not need them. Instead, she lets other students in need take advantage of them. This is the kind of attitude that all people need to have. She doesn’t think about being cheated opportunities, she gives them to others. With the violence and wars of everyday life, it time for people to put aside race and start thinking as one country. Think of how problems could be eliminated if everyone came together as a country instead of separate groups. Affirmative Action can help lead to this compromise and unity. It is time for people to stand up for Affirmative Action and to help others understand its need in today’s society. Over time, let’s hope that people will not have to use guidelines in treating others fairly. As of right now however, in order to reach a more equal understanding of each other, people must be forced to abide by the rules of Affirmative Action. Davis-Bacon Impact of Minorities. ABC. 22 Apr. 2006 . Dictionary.Com/Stereotype. 2006. 16 Apr. 2006 . Gerstle, Gary. When Affirmative Action Was White. Affirmative Action: The Last Stand (2006): 94. EBSCOHost Apr. 2006. . Harpalani, Vanay. Racial Stereotypes and Achievement-Linked Identity Formation During Adolescence. Scholarly Commons @ Penn. 2005. University of Pennsylvania. Apr. 2006 . Manzella, Giovanna M. Personal interview. 15 Apr. 2006. Powell Defends Affirmative Action in College Admissions. CNN. 20 Jan. 2003. Apr. 2006 . Sykes, Marquita. The Origins of Affirmative Action. Apr. 2006 . Research Papers on History of Affirmative Action19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCapital PunishmentThe Hockey GameAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaHip-Hop is ArtTwilight of the UAWComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

Driving and Cell Phones Essays

Driving and Cell Phones Essays Driving and Cell Phones Essay Driving and Cell Phones Essay 1. Introduction In digital epoch. function of telecommunication equipments in back uping the manner people communicate and helps concern to smooth their daily operations is obvious. This advantage of digital age. in bend. enables us to see the epoch where people can pass on in many signifiers: voice ( through telephone. cellular phones. ready to hand chatty etc ) . informations ( short message services/SMS. facsimile etc ) . and picture ( video cyclosis. picture conference etc ) . This state of affairs refers to the epoch people call as the convergence in digital engineerings. Interestingly. there are appliances that convey all mentioned characteristics in little size ; they are cellular phones that grow since 1980s and presently have commercialized the 3G ( 3rd coevals ) services that enable users to pass on face to confront via little screens in their 3G-enbaled nomadic French telephones. All above information are facts about the development of cellular phones engineerings. Thankss to the betterment and adulthood in networking engineerings that helps people to pass on one to another across the metropoliss. lands. or even continents. Refering this issue. I will supply some illustrations of how cellular phones provide undisputed benefits for society in three wide facets: journalism/broadcasting industry. societal activities. and practical instruction. Refering the concern point of position. for cases. the being of cell phones enable employers to make their employees anyplace. anytime every bit long as they are covered by BTS ( Base Transceiver Station ) of their service providers/ mobile phone bearers. In these fortunes. we can witness that current pattern in news media shows that cellular phones truly simplify the manner the journalists/reporters report a state of affairs in one locale. For illustration. a airing company assigns one newsman to describe the unrecorded music public presentation someplace in a state ( Cohen. 2005 ) . The company asks the newsman to interview the sets and straight broadcast to audiences at place. In order to supply cost-effective interview. the newsman interviews the sets via his cellular phone. The interview is received at the company’s studio so straight broadcast the interview into the air. Although cellular phones have many benefits. the challenge is to educate users to utilize them suitably. Refering the issue. this paper will discourse about drive and cell phones. We will supply two opposing readings about the issues. 2. Professionals of Driving and Cell Phones It is acceptable that cell phone’s usage is best done while people are non driving. Everything that brings about a problem might direct to a greater hazard of sing a clang. However. it does non stand for there should be a ordinance opposed to it. The finest method to maintain away from a traffic clang is to drive protectively. Drive in the guess that all other drivers on the street are foolish that we should remain off from hitting. In add-on. people need to be tolerant. Peoples should non be one of those insensible drivers that are at velocity continuously ( Strayer. D. . Drews. F. . Albert R. . and Johnston W. . 2005 ) . The careful driver will maintain off from utilizing cell phones in so far as is possible while driving. However. it possibly some state of affairss wherein clip and practicality affirms a little rush in accident menace. peculiarly if the driver is otherwise focussed. Peoples have plenty ordinances that restrict single freedoms. for illustration the use of place belt. They do non necessitate one more ( Haas. W. . 2006 ) . Some peoples argue that it is sensible for leting them to go on utilizing their cell phones while they are driving on the streets. if they make usage of the cell phones that included by speaker unit characteristic. Therefore. when they are holding some conversations by the cell phones. they do non hold to take clasp of it. Other people besides refer to utilize hands-free. as an property of their cell phones that are believed can maintain them off from the hazard of accident ( Cell Phones A ; Driving . 2005 ) . Some peoples besides say that peculiar cell phones ordinances are non required because every state has respectable driving ordinances antecedently. Laws are effectual in establishing suited penalty for knowing people behavior. and Laws make regulation for obedient citizens. However. in mainly states. about $ 50 will be charged to people. which is driving and utilizing cell phones. Peopless think that it is non appropriate because it is highly exaggerating. If needed. they will do indispensable calls while their autos are stopped in right topographic points ( Cell Phones A ; Driving . 2005 ) . Adversaries of the drive and cell phones Torahs enlighten there is unequal confirmation to presume cell phones are any dissimilar from other breaks to drivers. In add-on. they debate aligned with Torahs by shouting that the cell phones present many advantages. for illustration the capableness to name for aid in the pressing state of affairs ( Pachter. B. . and Magee. S ) . Cell phones have developed into an of import device for people to execute their activities. Amid other appliances. cell phones assist to better productiveness by maintaining peoples ever connected to the others. Then once more. cell phones advance several topics refering protection. defence. and privateness every bit good. If peoples were obliged to utilize cell phones while driving. they consider that they can utilize the velocity dialing characteristics to simplify the use of cell phones. At the same clip. people can maintain their eyes on the street while driving ( Zielinski. K ) . 3. Professionals of Driving and Cell Phones – Contras Nowadays. there are assorted arguments about the safety of utilizing cell phones while driving. Probes explain that people who use cell phones while driving conveying about a much larger per centum of clangs than people who do non utilize their cell phones. Furthermore. the probes have revealed that it is non simply the physically activities needed to dialed Numberss in the cell phone while people are taking to drive the autos that brings about clangs. In fact. it is the deficiency of consciousness resulting from driving and chew the fating on the cell phones at the same time. When people are unfocused. they are more possible to do clangs ( Hitti. M. . 2006 ) . The use of cell phones can be covered merely after an accident. and guilty drivers can non be anticipated to squeal that their cell phone use was a causal ground. Whilst at the event of an accident. it is hard to anticipate that a constabulary officer will make an absolute probe of the auto and of the citizens to happen out whether cell phones had been on manus or used. It is difficult to place cell phones usage by drivers even for adept clang research workers. That is why. while something is insecure. some peoples look frontward to Torahs to be delivered for their safety. They want lawgivers set up ordinances to curtail the cell phones usage by drivers ( Strayer. D. . Drews. F. . Albert R. . and Johnston W. . 2005 ) . When the cell phone rings. people normally feel obliged to reply it. whether it is good situated. safe. or acceptable to make. They later become concentrated on the call. and lose their consciousness that needed for driving. Some survey evokes that cell phones use while driving creates larger hazards than assorted other sorts of distractions. A survey has set up that peoples who are engaged in cell phone conversations proved well slower reactions to traffic warning marks and failed to see warning marks wholly much more often than peoples who were hearing the wireless or else ( Pachter. B. . and Magee. S ) . Drivers who are unfocused by chew the fating on a cell phone or dialing Numberss at the same clip as they are driving are bring forthing traffic accidents progressively. Some metropoliss have restricted utilizing cell phones while driving since it has produced such a important calamity. The probe concentrated on the cell phone confab. because it needs action and reaction. It besides highlighted another facet such as people have to keeping the cell phone while chew the fating ( Hitti. M. . 2006 ) . Overall. probes set up that chew the fating on both a hand-held and a hands-free cell phone directed to considerable decreases in driving execution. The cell phone use while driving disturbs public presentation by airting concentration to an affecting cognitive state of affairs that immediately related with drive ( Hitti. M. . 2006 ) . 4. Argument Cell phones would non hold better repute if they did non present significant advantages to clients in the value of mobility and helpfulness. Research workers and route safety experts identify that cell phones present safe advantages every bit good as disadvantages in a similar manner. Cell phones create a possibility for drivers rapidly to inform pressing state of affairss to public safety governments and to inform overcrowding countries to traffic decision makers ( Cell Phones A ; Driving . 2005 ) . For people who are driving unaccompanied. at nighttime. in awful conditions. or on little-used roads. cell phones present extra protection and a better infinite for mistake. However. the cogent evidence emerges to be lifting that chew the fating on cell phones while driving nowadayss a new and peculiarly hazardous visual aspect of driver break. Lawgivers may state that criminalizing cell phones would diminish the measure of traffic clangs. However. I argue that it relied on the person. Some people might be under the drugs or rummies. and they turn into a menace to the other drivers on the street. However. there are other peoples that absolutely able to chew the fating on the cell phone or working other electronic tools while they are driving. I consider that it should be verified by the response clip of individuals. non simply indicating whether they utilizing a cell phone or other nomadic electronic tool. Some individuals have to be taken off the streets merely the manner they are. even with no any breaks. because they own about a two-second response clip. These people are a menace to other drivers. despite what tools they might be utilizing. Furthermore. surely. at what clip they answer a cell phone. their response clip might twice to four seconds. and later they are more than possible traveling to crash into person. The augmented consciousness arranged to the safety consequences of cell phone use while driving has generated a new impulse to congregate more information on cell phone use particularly and driver distractions overall. For the clip being. public sophistication will stay. even though non invariably with indistinguishable note. High-tech flawlessnesss are besides expected to keep their fast motion. but their capableness to happen the implicit in cause of all concerns environing cell phones and drive is possible to be restricted. 5. Decision Technology becomes driving factors that favour the growing of any concern ; fabrication. cordial reception ; car are some illustrations of industries that take benefits of engineering development. This is because engineering has becomes built-in portion of concern operation. One of engineering that continues demoing unbelievable advancement is telecommunication and electronics. The engineering grows at full velocity due to the benefits it provides to clients. Currently. telecommunication besides becomes primary demands non merely for concerns to pass on with their clients and co-workers but besides for parents to speak with their kids. However. the increasing velocity of technological innovation in cellular phones provide a important challenge particularly sing the moralss of utilizing cellular phones in public topographic points including while driving a auto. This paper has provided two opposite stances sing the issue.

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