Biome(biogeography) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biome(biogeography) - Essay ExampleThe savanna includes a variety of soil types that include sands, loam and clay.Laterization is the dominant soil- forming process. Herbivory has important effects on soil nitrogen cycling. Grazer generate increases in N mineralization have generally been observed resulting in increased N availability to plants.Elephant nation at high densities fire have significant impact on the dynamics and functioning of savanna ecosystems. They have the capacity to transform habitats which results in consequences like reduced population of some species of mammals, birds and plants.Importance They can sustain long periods of drought and grow in sandy places where there is only between 12 to 15 inches of rain a year. In addition these provide shade for animals, its leaves be edible and atomic number 18 consumed by the animals and its branches are used to make nests and are also used as perches.Importance These are herbivores, and feed on grasses, fruits, tree leaves, bark, shrubs, and vines. They help to keep the savannas clear by eating shrubs and trees which helps the grass grow. This in turn helps in the survival of other grazing

History of Women's Hockey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

History of Womens Hockey - Essay ExampleInitially women played with farseeing skirts that proved helpful since no shot could get past them. The purpose of this paper is to show how narration can shape and explain specific events and changes that have molded the way we view the womens field hockey game league currently. It is undeniable that womens hockey has greatly evolved throughout history, rules and principles of the game have really been transform to incorporate the new and improved ideas. Women have never received equality like men in particular in sports. Rules were laid out differently in relation to the time periods of sport3. Womens rules now are similar to mens but there are many f formors like clay checking and flake that still vary within the game. Some rules and regulations have therefore been changed though not such(prenominal) because hockey is never physical as it use to be. Currently, hockey is more technical than physical thus owe to the games uniformity i n all the sexes. Body checking was eliminated from the womens hockey in 1990 since nearly of the females do not have the body size and mass that can help them withstand the act similar to the size and mass of the mens bodies. Currently, a referee may treat body checking as either a minor or even a major foul, depending solely and clear-cut at the refs decision. ... key governing body, twain men and women are represented evenly in all the hockey competitions and the body further organizes for the Hockey Rules board4. The governing body which is known as the International Hockey Federation has been in the fore front in organizing and developing the hockey rules for both women and men. Lately, Womens hockey has been full of fun, safety since it focusses on fair play thus making players to suffer passion, thrill and excitement. The main rule is focused on technical skills rather than physique as it used to be in the past thus making the game even more attractive5. Although the cont act between women hockey players is minimized, they female players have had several injuries possibly because reaction to contact has ever been fully addressed. It seems that because of the less(prenominal) contact experienced amongst the females, less practice and amount of training is associated with women6. 2 Violence has always been a big part of hockey, from slashing the opposite opponent over the head and causing a reference of fracture or broken bone, to damaging their brain or skull. Although womens hockey has changed since its commencement, the game has not changed so much. Emergence of National Hockey League in 1920, there has been almost similar, violence and media coverage making hockey to be known as a game of violence. In as much as there is no much violence in the womens hockey, it is still known as the game of violence. Initially in the 1920s players could fight without removing their gloves while whacking each other with sticks til now this was universally accept ed7. issue of violence was even thought to discourage females from signing up to the game and this resulted into the mid-nineties ban of body checking thus consenting a two line passing via the

Patent Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

seeming(a) Law - Essay ExamplePatents are available for most industrially applicable processes and devices. They may cover Mechanical devices, such as a mo physical exercisetrap. It also covers methods for doing things, such as the method used for dyeing or bleaching fabrics. It also include chemical compounds, like for example, a new drug and mixtures of compounds, like that of an improved hand cream. Patents can also cover such various matters like vaccines for whooping cough, wire-strippers, and chemical processes (Coyle, 2008). The commercial benefit of a granted indubitable is that it gives the owner the right on to observe others from exploiting, without his consent, the innovation for which a tangible has been granted (What is n.d.). A granted patent is a property right which can be bought, sell, licensed to others or used as security. The owner of a granted patent might use it to protect a product or service, which he sells. Alternatively, or as well, he may grant a li cense to one or more parties, usually in substitution for royalties (Ibid). Patents in the UK, as elsewhere in the European Economic Area (EEA), slang the duration of 20 years from their filing date, subject to payment of renewal fees and not being invalidated. As mentioned above, the duration for the testimonial of patents in the UK is 20 years and also renewable every 5 years. After this stay of 20 year other people are free to produce or copy the founding. The reason why the term is set to 20 years is because the creator should have enough time to reap the rewards of creating his invention, his rational property. 20 years is more than enough time to get a market lead on any invention and has been at this length for... This essay describes and presents a study on the topic of patent law. A patent is a government issued right, that is granted to individuals or groups that protects their original inventions from being made, used, or sold by others without their permission for a set period of time. The law that protects and govern the patent in the UK is the Patent achievement of 1977. It requires any new inventions to be a new invention it cant have existed before the invention was created. The researcher also discusses types of patents that are present in the United Kingdom at once and the duration of these patents both in the United Kingdom and in Europe. Patent duration which is the period in which the patent holder has monopoly rights to their invention, the granting of usage, distribution, and marketing rights to others, and the right to commercial benefit from such for a specific period. A patent is a form of intellectual property that provides the owner with an exclusive right to use and market an invention or process. The owner of a patent has the right to prevent others from using the invention or process without permission. For example, Pharmaceutical companies acquire patents in order to protect their drugs from competition. The researcher al so analyzes the Patents Act 1977, that implements a statutory regime whereby an employee of a company may become entitled to a beak of financial reward or compensation where the employer has obtained a large benefit from a patented invention made by an employee.

Financial Future Of British Petroleum Term Paper

Financial Future Of British Petroleum - Term Paper ExampleThe U.S. completed negotiations with BP Plc to earn the $20 one million million fund that will compensate victims of the Gulf of Mexico oil spill (Blum & Snyder). 20 billion dollar is a huge amount for BP and such a huge amount given as compensation caused severe monetary problems in BP and the company is currently on the verge of bankruptcy. BP forced to represent a new CEO in their last-minute effort for survival. This paper is trying to answer the questions kindred where BP stands on the market now, where it is going and where it might wind up up. BP plans to sell assets for up to $30 billion oer the next 18 months, primarily in the upstream business and selected on the basis that they are worth(predicate) more to other companies than to BP. This portfolio high grading will leave the company with a sm aller save higher quality Exploration & Production business. The company said it was taking a prudent lift to manag e the balance sheet and its financial liquidity, in order to ensure that BP has the flexibility to meet all of its future financial obligations. As a result, it plans to reduce its net debt level down to a prevail of $10-$15 billion within the next 18 months, compared to net debt of $23 billion at the end of June (BP Sets Out Gulf of Mexico Costs, Further Asset Sales and Strong Operating Performance) BP is currently doing everything possible to tarry in the market. It is not in a position to utilize some of its projects effectively because of their weak financial abilities at present. BP has realized that some of these projects can be managed more effectively by others and the market tax of these projects are more than what BP would be able to derive out of it.

Women in Media & Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women in Media & Politics - Essay ExampleFor the last thirty years feminists assimilate challenged conventional assumptions about the role of women in society. The revived New Right and the womens movement exact been fight to define the terms of the public debate in culture wars. The political agenda has become deeply polarized by issues such as affirmative action, abortion rights, and welfare reform (Norris 1).When we see public history consequently we come to know that women build served key positions in the high political offices. In western countries wish Britain, USA the attitudes have definitely changed regarding womens leadership positions. In Britain, for example, a woman has held the highest office of Prime diplomatic minister as well. These Western countries not only themselves are undergoing change but they are also severely influencing the lifestyle and work related attitude of women in developing nations. Women became heads of states and political parties in thi rd world countries like India, Pakistan, and Srilanka, Nepal etc. Nevertheless, women have made great improvements in representation and participation in world(a) politics. Thirty years ago, women in the U.S., for instance, composed less than five percent of all state legislatures in Senegal, there were no women in the National Assembly rapists could not be prosecuted in many Latin American countries women in France could not get a divorce females in Cambodia could not vote and pigs were considered by many male peasants to be worth more than wives in Paraguay. Even though there free are obstacles to womens participation and representation, females have become more involved in politics (Patterson 14)The changes brought about in the area of politics in particular were gradual and slow. Women had to counter a lot of bias and blemish when they looked for high offices. Even media and fiction depicted women as subordinates rather than leaders All these stereotypes and concepts inculcate d an inferior and suppressive outlook to women and so their motivation to achieve higher goal were greatly affected. These trends still exist but things have changed and are changing. When the news media imply that women are anomalies in high public office, the public is apt(predicate) to regard them as bench warmers rather than as an integral part of presidency. In Senator Barbara Boxers phrase, they are ofttimes depicted as strangers in the Senate -- and in the House and the governors mansion. More women than ever hold high-level government positions, yet they are still portrayed by the media as novelties (Braden 2). Women today hold prominent positions in media in the handle of journalism, movies, television and print worldwide. There are different prominent names that have contributed positively to not just media but they have also affected women in other fields like politics. Previously, the field of publishing was considered a mans world but today big publishing houses, new spapers and magazines have women holding the right way positions. Janet Robinson runs a company that owns a newspaper, The New York Times Co. that has won 90 Pulitzer Prizes. Stacey Snider of general Pictures is another name in the field of movies. While discussing prominent names, we cannot forget the name of Oprah Winfrey who is considered a powerful name in the media business and who has also been socially active. Women like these have become a benchmark for other women who not only

International Business and World Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International avocation and World Markets - Essay ExampleIn their pursuit of supranational expansion, companies must overcome barriers such as language differences, currency differences, cultural differences, legal and administrative differences, and skill levels differences. International business is the process of integration and interaction among people and advancing of connectivity and interdependence of businesses and markets. Many small and growing companies have unearthed lucrative modern markets abroad and atomic number 18 receptive to franchising, joint ventures or technology transfer, and licensing (Czinkota 2008, p.229). Globalization Drivers Several factors (internal and external) can be outlined as driving the development of a globular marketplace. The factors can be outlined as market, environmental, cost, and competitive factors. Parallels at bottom demand conditions across a number of countries facilitate the establishment of single orbicular strategies. For in stance, markets such as Europe, America, and the Far East manifest consumer groups that share matching educational backgrounds, lifestyles, income levels, aspiration, and utilization of waste time. Cost Factors The avoidance of cost inefficiencies and duplication of efforts shape two of the most prominent globalization drivers. In most cases, a single-country population are merely not sufficient for a business to form meaningful economies of scale environmental Factors There are diverse factors that affect firms operating on the international scene. These factors can be delineated as incorporating political, economic, technological, and sociocultural factors. The selection of international market involves the interplay of both organizational and environmental factors. Environmental factors may entail opportunistic approaches, local market complexities, and domestic competitive pressures (Czinkota 2008, p.230). Environmental factors such as technological advances allow businesses to leapfrog over phases of economic development. Competitive Factors Global strategies are frequently necessary to safeguard competitors from attaining an undue advantage in both domestic and oversea market. In the event that a competitor manufactures on a global scale and thus attains global economies of scale, this may undercut prices in the home market. Discussion The principal factors that prompt both small and medium-sized forms to make their moves into overseas markets can be categorized as proactive motivations, or factors that explain why companies go global and reactive motivations that elaborate on why the firms have to do so. Expansion within a demand-driven figure demands a more intricate, active, and ongoing overseas commitment compared to supply-driven initiatives that highlight the optimization of supply chains (Anne 2007, p.184). The discriminating theory was an intellectual response to the rising role of international production and the multinational corporation within the world economy. There are three factors that outline the international activities of multinational enterprises ownership advantages, location advantages, and internalisation advantages (Rugman 2010, p.1). Multinationals usually develop competitive advantages at home and then transfer the advantages to certain countries via foreign order investments, which allow the multinational enterprises to internalize the advantages (Rugman 2010, p.2).

What Part Did Religious Ideals Play In The Renaissance Voyages Of Essay

What Part Did Religious Ideals Play In The Renaissance Voyages Of capital of Ohio - Essay ExampleEuropean monarchs broke away from feudalism to form powerful alliances with the new and stiff merchant class, whose members were eager for new trading routes, for access to spice markets and for the fabled wealth of the East. Each of these elements was meaning(a) for the voyages of discovery, but they were heightened by the missionary character of Christianity and the ideals urged upon its followers by the New Testament. To conquer lands, not clean for their riches but also in search of converts, proved to be powerfully motivating.1 So alluring in fact that concerns over navigational knowledge paled into insignificance and faith was substituted for sound maritime practices. Without the powerful hook of Christianizing the New World, their Catholic Majesties may perhaps never have sponsored the voyages. And without the conversion zeal exhibited by Christopher Columbus, in that location may not have been four voyages. Thus the religious ideals of the Renaissance world, of the Spanish Monarchs of Columbus the globe played a major role in bringing about the voyages. There can be no doubt about the religious commitment of Isabella of Castile. She ascended to the Spanish throne in 1474 and in the avocation years contributed greatly to strengthening the dominance of Catholicism in Europe. She was a woman who would be famous throughout history for her great political foresight but who would also plunge all of Christendom into a frenzy of religious cleansing, through her devotional fanaticism.2 Isabella was determined to reclaim Christendom from the Moors, to which purpose she had pull Spain to quasi-religious wars in the Middle East and on Spanish soil for nearly two decades. She at last completed her Reconquista of Spain with Granada, which was retaken in 14923 and the mood of victory heightened into an atmosphere of pious euphoria throughout the Mediterranean.

Comparative Industrial Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Comparative Industrial Relations - move ExampleThese three concepts actually signify the administration and handling of people. At times attention is cerebrate to manufacturing only. However, the principle of Industrial relations is not so limited. The principle entails to enclose the associations amid managers and their employees in aspects of trade and industry activity. The main issue under consideration in the industrial relations is employment. Thus, industrial relations sieve all the economic activities where a human resource works under the control of an employer and obtains a allowance in exchange of his work. Consequently, industrial relations do not take into account domestic motor as well as self-employed individuals (Edward, n.d., p 1). Industrial relations play a indispensable role from the employers point of view. This is mainly because, in the present times, capital as well as technologies withdraw become increasing obtainable for the companies. And hence, the competitive situation of a phoner relies on the knowledge and expertise of its human resources to a large extent. Furthermore, it should be noted that the human resources atomic number 18 distinct from any other(a) form of resources. This is owing to the fact that human resources cannot be detached from the individuals in whom they are present. As a result, industrial relations are concerned with managing human resources in view of the productive goals of the business as well as the objectives of the workers (Edward, n.d., p 2). The point of view of industrial relation is fundamentally collective as well as pluralist. It involves the associations and dealings which take place at and out of the place of work. Thereby, it comprises of the relationships amid individual employees, the relationships amid the employees and their manager, the associations the companies and their employees afford with the institutes created to support and safeguard their individual interests, in addit ion to the association-ship amongst those institutes among others. In addition, industrial relations takes account of the practices by means of which these associations and dealings are expressed, for instance collective bargaining employee participation in decision-making and settlement of complaints as well as disagreements. Furthermore, it also includes the handling of disagreements amongst managers, employees and trade unions, as and when it occurs. These associations as well as practices are subjective to the policies, regulations, and programmes formulated by the government and its agencies. Additionally, these practices are also influenced by the overall political, mixer, cultural, economic and scientific attributes of each nation. Consequently, the industrial relation strategy and its framework in a particular nation are built up in the course of bipartite review procedures (to be precise between the company and its employee representatives, and by them, separately, with t he government) as well as tripartite discussion and collaboration (concerning government and other social associates) (Macdonald, 1997, pp. 3-4). Components of Industrial Relations The employment relationship or industrial relationship consists of two segments, to be precise, managerial relations as well

Enterprise and Innovation in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Enterprise and novelty in Practice - Essay ExampleThe association was formed in 1938 by Byung-chull lee as a grocery, and later into a textile in 1947 (Michell, 2011). The company started a diversification dodge that became the companys growth strategy, swiftly expanding to securities, insurance and retail business. The company further developed a restoration strategy with the key focus being industrialization, following Korea destruction after the Korean War. In 1960, Samsung ventured into the electronics application with the creation of divisions focusing on electronics. These included the Samsung electro-mechanics, Samsung semiconductor and telecommunications that produced black and white TV sets. The growth strategy continued in 1980 when Samsung ventured into telecommunications industry, building telephone switchboards, phone and fax systems and mobile phones. This resulted in heavy investments in research and development, which resulted in cross border expansions to places like New York, England and Portugal. Byung-chulls death in 1987 conduct to the split of the Samsung group into four business groups engineering, construction, electronics and high-tech products. Growth throughout the 1990s saw Samsung well(p) high profile construction projects like the Burj Khalifa Tower in UAE. Samsung underwent a reorganization in 1993 that entailed marketing off of some auxiliaries and downsizing, with a growth focus on electronics. This made Samsung the largest LCD panels manufacturer in the globe (David and Foray, 2005). In 2011, Samsung acquired Sonys stake in their 50-50 LCD supply partnership and took full control. The earlys focus for Samsung is centered on electronics, mobile and biopharmaceuticals.The most common imperative for flyings and businesses entails the need to grow. all in all firms need to grow, and those that do not struggle to find new human resources and capital. The reason is that, a firm that does not grow is an unattractive investme nt, and will only

The Art of Negotiation - Teams vs individuals Assignment

The Art of Negotiation - Teams vs privates - Assignment ExampleThe effectiveness arises from the fact that in all the members of the team up have similar interests in the talkss and expect to have uniform benefits (Mannix, Neale & Overbeck, 2011).The efficacy effect of team negotiations is the ability to have different linear perspectivepoints supporting the same issue under negotiation. This is different from individual negotiation in which the individual uses a single unsupported point of view. In addition, individuals negotiating with a company or an organization is at risk of unnecessary victimization as opposed to a group which cannot be victimized. Further, an individual fighting for a personal course does not only lack the voice moreover is also seen as uncooperative and individualistic (Mannix, Neale & Overbeck, 2011).The results of the two types of negotiations differ greatly. In team negotiation, the diverse points of view makes the teams talk terms power increase an d the consensus is easily reached. The actual results of solo-negotiations, on the other hand, are low bargaining power and it takes a more difficult convincing to have the result reflect as the individual would

Air legislation - mantenance, planning and organisation Essay

Air legislation - mantenance, planning and governing - Essay ExampleThe aircraft is capable of rotation along the three axes namely Pitch ,Roll and Yaw, in supplement to a linear motion along the specific air route when in- flight. For any(prenominal) type of crusade shown by the aircraft ,the weight of the aircraft must be balanced out to maintain the position of the center of soberness for stability.An air craft can have Lateral center of gravity, Longitudinal center of gravity and level off Vertical center of gravity. The most important if these being the Lateral cg, which has a critical role in stabilizing the pitch of the aircraft. Lateral cg is further partitioned into Forward and astern cg. There are limits to the Fore and Aft cg positioning. If the Fore and Aft cg is out of range the aircraft may pitch uncontrollably up or spile during take-off ,flight or landing. For example if the cg is too far forward , the plane is likely to tilt forward or crashThe Lateral cg pos ition is to be maintained in order to control and stabilize any unwanted roll movement during any stage of flight. The position of Lateral cg can channelise if on that point is an uneven distribution of fuel in the tanks,or in case of an uneven seating arrangement of passengers in a sm all(prenominal) aircraft.The Vertical cg position is associated with the stability of the flight along the yaw axis. A shift in the vertical cg can result in yawing motion if not compensated for by the cowcatcher during take-off, flight and landing.The center of gravity is a major factor in the stability of an aircraft in all the phases of flight take-off ,cruise / flight and landing. A disturbance in the longitudinal, lateral or vertical cg can revolutionise the movement of the aircraft along either of the three axes pitch , roll or

Prepare an 11 page on criminal justice management and administration Research Paper

Prepare an 11 scalawag on criminal justice management and administration - Research Paper ExampleThe creation of organize policing marks the initiation of the development of administration of policing. The current policing system, which is paid by the government and is there to safe guard the interest of civilians, took place during 1829. During 1829, after a very lengthy and poignant debate, Metropolitan legal philosophy act became a part of parcel of the English legal system. Before 1829, the activities conducted today by guard and law en military groupment agencies were conducted by ordinary civilians, volunteers, employees of justice system in America and England. When the law enforcement system was in the hand of these individuals, it provided very satisfactory results until the industrial revolution, during the revolution the crime rate of America and England escalated at a very fast pace. Under the Metropolitan law of nature act, Sir Robert divest gained the authority to assemble a force of guardmen for the metropolitan region of London Sir Robert Peel took this opportunity and instantly hired 1000 individuals as cops. Sir Peel along with two police commissioners recognized as Robert Mayne and Charles Rowan experienced the same issues and challenges in managing and organizing the police station and its members as faced by commissioners and managers of police station in current settings. These issues mainly interest communication and managing a commodious police force, these issues included how to manage and coordinate the activities of a very huge police force, how to ensure that all directions and protocols are being followed and how to inform a huge number of police men about their duties and roles. The solution to some of these challenges is available in the Peelian Reforms, according to these reforms police system should be managed and directed as the military system, police should be provided proper training and police members should be ret ained, individuals interested in operating as policemen should be hired on probationary basis and those who

When is it important for innovators to protect their intellectual Essay

When is it of the essence(p) for innovators to protect their keen property Compare and contrast three different approaches to the protection of intellectual pr - Essay ExampleProtection for intellectual property leads to a healthy competition and enhances value and prime(prenominal) of products, thereby promoting economic growth by means of technological development and enriched cultural advancement. It opens fresh craftsmanship avenues and enhance standard of living. The governments have to act and ensure implementation of intellectual property system to draw businesses in a theft free environment to enable steady growth (Sebban, Guy 2005). gifted property is the name given to any new product or design or swear out and creative work of art or literature. Any invention or innovation involves dedicated move on the part of an inventor who spends long hours in research and development. In addition, a significant center of expenditure is also incurred towards development of new a nd innovative products or designs. If not protected and free copy is allowed, the inventor or innovator would soon get de-motivated, bringing stagnation to further development. Thus, protection of intellectual property assumes paramount importance.Intellectual property protection is essential to all businesses to exploit their new ideas and articles in the market and prevent piracy and theft by others. All art works also withdraw to be credited for their creativity to enhance cultural growth (Sebban, Guy 2005). The protection methods can be broadly classified as formal or institutional and strategic. Formal protection methods let in ostensible, trade secret, trade mark, and copyright, while strategic methods cover agreements of confidentiality, secrecy, lead and complexity (Iandiorio, Joseph S 1995). In the concomitant paragraphs, we would discuss, in detail, two formal methods, namely, patent and copyright, and one strategic method, namely, confidentiality agreement, bringing ou t differences, merits and demerits of each.A patent is a grant from a countrys government that provides security or protection to a new invention or innovation by an

5 questions about China law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

5 questions about China law - Essay ExampleIn social intercourse to a work of a Chinese citizen, term of protection for the right to lease his publication shall be the life of the author and 50 categorys after his death, and it expires on declination 31 of the fiftieth year after the death of the author. In case of a collective work, term of protection expires on December 31 of the fiftieth year after the death of the last of the authors (Article 21 of Copyright Law of PRC, 2001). no. The genral name / generic name or model of a product or good in respect of which trade mark is used cannot be regisered as trade mark under the denounce Law of PRC 2001 (FN 2). Similarly, the trade tag which consist exclusively of signs or indications which have direct credit rating to the quality, main raw material, function, intended purpose, weight, quantity or other characteristics of goods or services and the trade marks which are devoid of any distinctive character cannot be registered.

Arts Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Arts Paper - Essay ExampleThe painting of The die Supper is originally painted on the backside wall of the dinning hall at the Dominician Convent of Stella Maria delle Grazie in Italy. in that respect arise certain questions regarding the agilityening, faces of furniture used, and the seating arrangements. The historical fact and the Holy Bible clearly says that the supper was precondition on an evening. But in contradiction da Vinci has used daylight effect at the windowpane which appears at the back end up of the painted scene.In those days the type of fudges used for dining were non straight on the other hand here Leonardo has painted a straight table where all the members could be seen. Leonardo seemed to have had a very brilliant notion while painting. He has given the daylight effect only to emphasize on the meaning of the painting and to focus on the members who were seated along with Jesus Christ at the centre. If he had used a round type or other rectangle type of ta ble he would have failed to bring into focus the other disciples.If Leonardo had chosen night time effect he would have been unsuccessful in giving a full shape to the scenic background. The light effect is an additional success of the painting. It is very simple to understand, the light effect is the centre of attention for the painting. Otherwise the implication would have been fallen short of success. We could see and come across all the characters who attended the Last Supper with Christ and moreover the type of food served is also brought into focus, wine and bread. The hotshot painting has a strong historical background.It was the last supper and so ha has painted at the end wall of the building, and the striking feature is that it will appear as if Christ and his disciples are sitting in reality in the same hall and since he had chosen the end of the hall it has the look of doggedness as if the hall has an extension. The type of paint used by Leonardo was also a diametric al attempt. He attempted tempera, a sort of paint that