G4S Competitive Forces

According to â€Å"Management, 10th Edition† and Michael Porter’s model, when speaking in terms of competitive forces it should be viewed in five different areas; the first being the threat of new entrants. As for a company such as G4S Secure Solutions, the threat from new companies are pretty much non-existent. It being the top security firm worldwide, its threats comes from its larger competitors that are pretty much on their level and well established. Start-up security companies are challenged by the behemoths that dominate the market which are able to overshadow them by offering one stop shopping for multiple security needs.Also the smaller companies have often been taken over by the larger companies. According to Security Guard Magazine (www. securitymagazine. com), two in 10 of guarding firms say they purchased another firm in 2002, while 10 percent say they completed the purchase of another firm in the first half of last year. New companies do not appear to pose a threat to G4S Secure Solutions as they are well established and far ahead of its established competitors. The second of the competitive forces having an impact on the company is its competitive rivalries. The biggest rivalry to G4S Secure Solutions is Securitas Security Services.These two companies offer the same services and both also operate overseas which allows them to compete for business in the same markets. They often end up bidding against each other for contracts vying to provide the exact service for the least amount of dollars. Securitas Security Services entered the U. S. market in 1999 by acquiring Pinkerton and became the largest security firm in the world; they were already the leading protective service company in Europe. They have acquired numerous security firms; in one year alone they had acquired four firms.With them continuing to grow in assets and size, they continue to prove themselves as the most formidable rivalry in this market. The threat of substitute products also has an affect on the company. The consumers are always looking for a better or less costly product that could provide the same service. Businesses are also looking for the next big thing to revolutionize the market. There are some substitute products that have an impact on the company such as guard dogs, security cameras, rolling shutters, security tags, and added lighting.Guard dogs and rolling shutters eliminate the need for security officers altogether and they are a more cost efficient way to provide security. Department stores are now using security tags instead of officers; if someone leaves the store without the tag being removed it will activate an alarm at the door. Some people have the belief that just adding extra lighting to an area ensuring that it is well-lit can also deter burglars or criminals. Depending on the level of security needed, all of these products can be used as a substitute product.As a competitive force, the buyer does not influence what th e company sells, but the company has power over the buyer. This is a well established company that is known to provide top notch service; which also happens to be the top security firm. They do not have to continually lower their fees in order to attract customers. Their reputation is outstanding and many times, consumers may be willing to pay the extra dollars because they know they will be getting premium service with this company.When it comes to G4S Secure Solutions the power is in the hands of the supplier; they have their reputation to go own as they easily have the ability to influence potential buyers. Their resume speaks for itself, the largest security firm, servicing more places worldwide than any other firm, possibly the best trained personnel of security firms, and more trusted by the most prestigious companies than any other security firm. With a background as such, G4S Secure Solutions definitely has the competitive edge when it comes to luring coustomers.

Resistance to Change Paper Essay

Introduction Resistance to change comes along quite a bit in all organizations; and individuals are comfortable with what he or she knows. Organizations are constantly struggling with combating resistance to change, and all the while keeping individuals ideas and concerns in mind. In order to make things a little easier Lewin’s theory can be used, to make this transition to change a little easier. There is also organizational and individual resistance, and what major factors can cause resistance to change. Resistance to change can be managed, and how it does solely relies on the organization. Organizations have a lot to cope with on a daily basis, and when changes are made this impacts the company as a whole. Many things can contribute to resistance to change, and listed below are factors organizations face when changes are implemented. Organizational Resistance to Change When it comes to organizational resistance to change this has to be done very carefully. Resistance to change does not only affect just an individual it affects the organization as a whole. Some of the examples of organizational resistance are structural, threats of power, a sinking in costs, special treatments, groups, etc. The structure of the organization is one of the most important things; the structure is the stability, what makes the organization what it is. Power, if an individual or a group feels like their position is being threatened, resistance will be the first thing that happens. Power wars can hurt the memento of work that has been occurring before the changes. Upper management may be a little more resistance when they determine the costs of training; changes happen and learning all again. Special treatments could be given to certain individuals, and the newer individuals are getting tasks, the older staff used to have. An organization has to keep all these in mind when trying to transition organizational change with resistance. There are some individuals that belong to a certain group, and listening to others how the changes are not necessary, so the  individual will be a little more resistant to the changes. Individual Resistance to Change The individual’s resistance to change can be brought on by many different things. One of the challenges faced by an organization is other employees or other individuals not going along with the changes. Some examples of resistance to change can include fears of the unknown, employee relationships, routines, failure of communication, and economical conditions. Fears of the unknown can do an individual in. An individual that is resistant can make it quite difficult when changes do occur. Within an organization, relationships are built, and sometimes when changes occur individuals feel threatened, to the point of feeling their relationships with others will no longer be. Also, the employees that are in a group or working with one individual are normally friends. By moving he or she, this will mess up the routine, and its takes them out of what they are comfortable with. Employees are used to their routines, and when taken out of their comfort zone, he or she can be more resistant to change. Failure of communication can be a big problem. If employees feel there was a blind side, and nothing communicated about these changes, this can backfire. Setting up a meeting with employees can make the transition go a lot easier, and not resistant to these changes. Economical conditions are a factor, and if the employee feels that there is nothing in it for them. Then he or she can be more resistant to change. Employees want to feel that there will be some reward to compensate for the trouble he, or she will be put in to accept the changes. There are a lot of factors for an organization to consider, especially when changes are made. If done properly, an organization can have the proper reactions from employees, and the transition will be a complete success. Also, management needs to listen to any apprehensions, or fears employees may have. There are multiple methods that can be used when changes are taken place; one of the most successful is Lewin’s Theory of Change. Lewin’s Theory of Change Kurt Lewin is best known for the 3-Stage Model of Change. Lewin developed  the 3-Stage Model in the 1950’s and is still used to this day. The three stages are unfreezing, changing and refreezing. â€Å"The model represents a very simple and practical model for understanding the change process (2014).† This model is still used widely and does serve a purpose for multiple modern change models. If an organization follows the 3-Stage Model of Change, the transition of change will be more effective. â€Å"For Lewin, the process of change entails creating the perception that a change is needed, then moving toward the new, desired level of behavior and finally, solidifying that new behavior as the norm (2014).† Unfreezing The first step is unfreezing, for example if there is something frozen in one’s freezer; it needs to be taken out and thawed out. This is what occurs when changes take place. When a change needs to be implemented, the first step is unfreezing. It is common for individuals to resist change, and in order for this to be successful, the unfreezing step is implemented, and to let others be conscious of what is hindering the organization. During the unfreezing step, it is highly important communication is used to make the transition a lot smoother. Also, it is crucial for individuals to realize how important it is to be accepting to the changes and the logic and reason for why this is occurring. Once the individuals in the organization know how imperative and essential the changes the more beneficial it is to them and the company. Changing The second step is changing, for example once something is unfrozen then changes can now take place. â€Å"This changing step, also referred to as ‘transitioning’ or ‘moving,’ is marked by the implementation of the change (2014).† Now that this step is implemented new behaviors, values, attitudes, and ways of thinking are all put into practice. It will be easier for employees to embrace changes the more prepared they are. It is important there is communication, support, education of changes, and time is what is needed for changes to be successful. Change needs to be planned and carried out carefully. With proper support and mentoring the change process should run smoothly, and all involved can transition easily. Refreezing The third step is refreezing; for example, this is the process of  reinforcing the act. This step stabilizes after the change has taken place. If this step is not carried out, this can lead to employees retracting back to the way things were done before the change was implemented. It needs to be carefully planned out to ensure that retraction does not occur, and enforced that this will not happen. The changes also need to be normal and part of the culture of the organization. The success of this can be rewarding to the employees, and organization when the help of the individuals reached goals during the changing process. The leaders can also acknowledge the hard work put into reaching these goals, and embracing the changes. Conclusion Resistance to change occurs quite a bit in any organization. In order for this to be successful, there are certain steps to be taken to ensure the organization embraces the changes. Transition to changes can come easy or be a nightmare to the whole organization. Kurt Lewin’s theory of change has worked for a long time and is still used for modern change models. Changes are key to the growth of the organization, and that of their employees. Using the 3-Stage Model of Change has been a success and has worked for many years. To obtain success, the organization has to embrace the changes, and to work together, not against one another. Resistance to change is a given, it is a fear of the unknown, educating employees are key to how successful an organization will be once it has been implemented. If used correctly Lewin’s Theory of Change should work successfully for any organization. Change is not always easy for some, but if communication, mentoring, and support are all used, then the organization should have complete success. Today, tomorrow, months, and even years from now Lewin’s Theory of Change will still be working for organizations trying to prevent resistance to change. Reference Lewin’s 3-Stage Model of Change: Unfreezing, Changing, Unfreezing. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.education-portal.com/academy/lesson/lewins-three-stage-model

Emily Dickinson – Theme of Love

Introduction Emily Dickinson’s poetry is classified by editors as poems about nature, love, death, religion and others. Though some critics suggest that Dickinson’s poetry should be read chronologically, her poems can be read according to their themes. Since she was the daughter of a preacher her poems are often about God and Christianity, and in some of her love poems it is not certain if she is expressing her love for an actual lover or her spirituality.However, at one point of her life the poet stopped going to church and started satirizing Christian beliefs. Also, Dickinson isolated herself and emphasized her isolation by dressing in white. Her seclusion is present as a motif in some love poems. The death of her father, and nephew, led to an absolute seclusion and these deaths were probably the reason for the darker tone in her later poetry.Biographers have tried to find the source of this passion and intensity that is found in Emily Dickinson’s poems but the re is an enigma when it comes to her love life. They have wondered when and how she encounterd these lovers, was the love reciprocated and how strong the feelings were. Dickinson seemed to have several passionate relationships but it is a fact that she remained unmarried. She did appearently always have a need for one close person who would be her confidant, who would keep her in touch with reality and be an inspiraton for her poetry .In Emily Dickinson’s poetry love can cause an exilirating rush of passion, or leave her with a hollow sense of deprivation, sometimes she questions love, touches various subject matters such as the position of a woman in a man’s world, and, for a woman who did not experience the world to its fullest, she wrote with surprising perception and emotion love poetry which left a mark in the history of literature. I decided to analyse some poems in which Emily Dickinson wrote about love from these different stranding points. My Life had stood â €“ a Loaded Gun† A patriarchal society, such as the one Emily Dickinson lived in, had very controlled social norms and rules. One aspect of it Dickinson described in her poem â€Å"My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun†. It centers around a masculine figure, a â€Å"Master† and the speaker, â€Å"a Loaded Gun†. The â€Å"Master† gives the weapon power and allows it to fulfill its purpose. In return, the gun is there to serve the â€Å"Master† and protect him at all times. Undoubtedly, this poem depicts a relationship between an authoritative and a submissive person.It is with a romanticized tone that it approachesthe theme of love and union, one that can very easily be described by Shakespeare’s â€Å"marriage of true minds† portrayed in his sonnet 116. However, the last stanza of this poem brings this romantic side of it into question. Critics claim that the whole poem is a delusion of the lyrical I, merely a self assuran ce that it is through a union of power that the master and the servant can be brought to their full potential. â€Å"Though I than He – may longer liveHe longer must – than I – For I have but the power to kill, Without–the power to die—â€Å" However, with these lines the poet seems to realize that a life through servitude does not bring one fulfillment, but only the illusion of it. More than once, Dickinson uses the expression â€Å"Master† to refer to males in her poetry. This can be taken as the way of her time and place, 19th century America along with the rest of the world, where men were still thought of as superior and the beholders of all power.With thisin mind, it is no surprise that the object of this poem, the gun, is simply taken up by a hunter, and thus bound to him forever. The image of love depicted in the poem, in which the sole purpose of the female – the gun is to serve her lover, seems to be a childish fantasy of submissive love. The lyrical I’s need to keep safe her master’s head during his sleep shows a prototypical image of a woman whose only aim is to wrap her man in a comfortable cocoon of pleasure, while she neglects her own needs to satisfy him.Furthermore, the woman in this poem is objectified even more than just being rendered through an inanimate object. This can be seen in the third and fourth lines of the second stanza, where the poetess describes how it is to be speaking â€Å"for Him†. The irony is subtle here, and very well masked, for the delightful sentiment that emerges throughout the whole poem, especially stanza number four, is strong enough to keep in shadow the less eminent features. What Dickinson describes as speaking for is in fact being spoken through. As the hunter directs the firearm and shoots at what he likes, so s the woman in a patriarchal setting controlled, in order to be of the most service to the man. In circumstances, the very identit y of a woman is to be submerged to the male requirement, and Dickinson manages to incorporate it into her lyric so exceptionally well that the criticism is masked by brilliant characterization. Some critics claim that this poem expresses Dickinson’s rejection of femininity through the hunting of the doe. The female deer stands for all that is womanly, in contrast with the male hunter and the gun that has discarded its gender.The question of homosexuality has been studied in this context, but it is perhaps the rejection of female traits for the reason that a life of submission to a dominant animalistic hunter is valued to be nobler than the embracing of one’s true self. Last, but not least, this poem can also represent the idea of a woman as a poet, one that possesses knowledge and power which make her destructive. Critic Adrienne Rich believes that creation by a woman is aggression, and that it is both â€Å"the power to kill† as well as being punishable. The un ion of gun with the hunter embodies the danger of identifying and taking hold of [the woman’s] forces, not least that in so doing she risks defining herself – and being defined – as aggressive, is unwomanly (â€Å"and now we hunt the Doe†), and is potentially lethal. † (Rich) She continues that this poem is about the female artist of the 19th century, especially as the poet, unlike a novelist, is much closer to their subject. â€Å"Poetry is too much rooted in the unconscious it presses too close against the barriers of repression; and the nineteenth-century woman had much to repress. (Rich) â€Å"She rose to His Requirement – dropt† As a writer who was not only conscious of her time, but also very active in social critique through her poetry, it is no surprise that Emily Dickinson wrote about the institution of marriage, which practically defined a woman’s life. â€Å"She rose to His Requirement – dropt† is a poe m depicting the idea of a Victorian marriage in which it is the wife’s sole purpose in life to satisfy her husband, with her own needs coming last. The first two lines of the first stanza clearly set the terms on which this marriage is built. She rose to His Requirement – dropt The Playthings of Her Life† The role of the man is very well represented by the capitalization on the word â€Å"His†. This can not only be interpreted as respect for the husband, but it can be related to the poem mentioned earlier â€Å"My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun† where the lyrical I relates to her lover as â€Å"Master†. This image of a husband as an omnipotent pillar of power transcends the worldly abilities of men, and turns into a God of the household and it is to the needs and wishes of this Lord that a wife needs to â€Å"rise†.The position of women is especially shown through the phrase â€Å"—dropt The Playthings of Her Life†. Not only is a woman expected to spend her life in marriage through servitude, but she is to be rid of all that gives her pleasure. Perhaps this poem can be interpreted as Dickinson’s fear of commitment, her being frightened of losing her own â€Å"Plaything† – her poetry. â€Å"In considering the opposition of â€Å"Requirement† and â€Å"Playthings† (mature duty versus childish frivolity), we would do well to remember how important play was to Dickinson. For Dickinson the poet, the play of language and imagination was primary.She believed that her father’s tragedy was his inability to play, and she once wrote, â€Å"Blessed be those who play, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. † Something in her recoiled from adult womanhood and made her wish she could remain a child. In a famous letter to her friend Susan Huntington Gilbert Dickinson (who later married Emily’s brother, William Austin), she anticipated with a mixture of fa scination and dread the prospect of being consumed by the blazing sun of a husband’s demands. Certainly, she had ample opportunity to observe in her parents’ marriage a union in which the man’s requirements dominated. (Leiter 173) In the second stanza of the poem Dickinson tells, ironically, what exactly the taking on of â€Å"honorable work† costs a wife. Not only does she sacrifice her pleasure, but also any chance of greatness – â€Å"Amplitude†, the sensation of fulfillment – â€Å"Awe† and finally, she sacrifices her â€Å"Gold† which represents her youth and her potential which are now spent from being used for Him. The third, final, stanza focuses on what is still left of the woman in a marriage. Her true self – her thoughts and opinions remain unmentioned, uncared for by the husband.Dickinson uses the sea to illustrate her point. The ideas and beliefs of a wife are not only hidden deep within the unexplore d sea, but they are also mixed, covered with weeds. A man caching a clam must first go through the barrier, in this case society’s limitation of a woman’s freedom, in order to get to the treasure that is inside – the pearl. Finally, the last two lines of the third stanza demonstrate the lonesome position of a constrained woman. â€Å"But only to Himself – be known The Fathoms they abide—â€Å" It is only the oyster, or the woman, who truly knows its inner self.Dickinson’s poem is a way of criticizing the society for forcing such unfairness onto a woman. She, however, chose a different way of life. Foregoing the possible joys of marriage, Emily Dickinson chose to pursue â€Å"the poetic calling that enabled her to set her own â€Å"Requirement† and to retain her â€Å"Playthings† as essential tools of her art. † (Leiter 174) â€Å"If you were coming in the fall. † This is a love poem in which Dickinson writes abo ut her loved one who is away from her. The distance between her and her lover is not an obstacle for her feelings, and she is yearning to meet with him.She refers to herself as a housewife in the first stanza, as a woman waiting for a man. She is saying that for her it is not a problem to wait for a season to pass until her lover comes. She would simply chase the summer away like a fly and she would do it with â€Å"a smile and a spurn† (bartleby. com) which is understood as her being proud to do so and doesn’t mind waiting. A season becomes a year in the second stanza. However, even this is not a problem for she will simply â€Å"wind the months in balls and put them each in separate drawers† (bartleby. om) and make it easier for her to bare the length of time and just wait until it is time for them to meet. She makes it easier for herself to wait for this moment, by diminishing a year into months. A year turns into centuries in the third stanza. Her lover is o nly lingering, but she believes he will certanly come. In the fourth stanza, time is not limited anymore but becomes eternity, meaning that she will wait for her lover forever. She implyes that she doesn’t mind dying and casting her life away if it means being with him in the end. She would toss away her life â€Å"like a rind,†(bartleby. com) as something that is not important.While the first four stanzas start with â€Å"If† which implies something hypothetical and something that is only a possibility the final stanza begins with â€Å"But now,† which is a return to reality and the poet is not sure how long she must wait for her lover now. Furthermore, she is not sure if they will meet at all, or is he even coming. Time is annoying her like a â€Å"goblin bee† (bartleby. com) representing something bad, or evil. This â€Å"goblin bee† is not â€Å"stating its sting† (bartleby. com) and this unveils her uncertainty, She acutally does n’t know what the future brings. What if I say I shall not wait? This poem is about separation as well.Lovers are here apart because of others, and not their own will. The â€Å"I† of this poem is very eager to see her lover and she will break free by forse if needed from those who are keeping her away from him. It seems as if she is threatening to escape and asking her lover what will happen if she manages to escape and come to him. She writes that she will break down the gates that are confining her, flee away from the guard and set herself free to come to her loved one. Further she conveys that now that they are together no one can separate them anymore. The guard may call her and the guns may beg her to come back but she will not.Everything else is meaningless and unimportant now that they are together. Conclusion Dickinson’s love poetry is thought of as her most passionate and emotional. From her standpoint, of a socially isolated woman in a literary predom inantly man’s world, we are able to read, analyse and enjoy her fascinating metaphors and views on marriage, love, longing, heartache and cripling loneliness. What I personally found endearing in her poems is the belief and inestructible hope she expresses in some poems, and the acceptance of the harsh reality which she manages to take in, resorting to eligion, spirituality an philosophy. Progressive thinking and ideas on marriage and the position of women in society and literature colour her poems about the dinamics of relationships between men and women. She did not refrain from conveying her deepest thoughts and sentiments, but also her attitude towards literary conventions and social norms and expectations. Considered as one of the greatest American poets of all time, Emily Dickinson’s legacy and views on love will always provide readers and writers with inspiration and enlightenment.

Film analysis Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Film analysis - Movie Review Example Only a few religious groups and NGOs in the world lifted a finger to end the violent deaths. This fact alone made Hotel Rwanda a significant movie (Gillespie, 2004). Discussion The origin of the 1994 conflict was the assassination of Rwanda’s Hutu president; Juvenal Habyarimana. The Hutus claimed that it was the Tutsi who shot the president’s jet from the sky. Immediately, the militia and the Hutu army systematically started butchering the minority Tutsi. Following the Hutu extremists massacring the Tutsi population, Paul Rusesabagina, a hotel manager, who was also a Hutu helped save the lives of his family and friends and those of over a thousand refugees. Paul gathered his neighbors and family into their cars and took off to the hotel. He put his own life at risk for the next hundred days by protecting not only his children and wife but also other refugees who were of the Tutsi descents and a genocide mark. Throughout this period, Paul bribed several senior Hutu army functionaries with gifts and money, bluffed and blackmailed them in order to have his hotel protected (Gillespie, 2004). According to this movie, outsiders did not mediate, just because Rwandans were Africans. Racism contributed to outsider’s hesitance to become involved. ... The message is that never again shall this be allowed to take place in Rwanda or any other part of the world. As much as no one would want to experience such an ordeal for a second time, it would be utter naivety to assume that such barbarity is not likely to happen again somewhere in the world (Gillespie, 2004). Hotel Rwanda goes further to show that even in the middle of this crisis and brutality, some people have a heart, and they still care. This is another significant part of this film. Paul Rusesabagina was one of the few people who indeed cared. Paul was the manager of a four-star establishment in Kigali, The Hotel Des Milles Collines (Gillespie, 2004). The man struggled to save people’s lives, and he took too many risks. Paul Rusesabagina is the film’s hero and a favorite character for many viewers. The relationship between Paul and his wife kept the movie grounded. In the beginning of the film, Paul’s intentions were far from selfless. He was more concer ned with grooming favor with the powerful people than helping his fellow man. However, when the massacring began, he did not blink to offer his help. He used his associations with the people in power to protect Hutu and Tutsi refugees. Paul eventually sheltered approximately 1,286 refugees in his hotel. This was such an extraordinary feat by Paul. He made it possible mainly because of his wit, bravery influence, and intelligence (Gillespie, 2004) The envenomed UN colonel was another heroic figure in this movie. His duty was to watch the massacre without intervening. Other heroic figures were a Red Cross worker who was forced to watch the children she was trying to rescue being put to death, a lot of anonymous Catholic nuns and priests, and a young news

Employment Law & Practices in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employment Law & Practices in the UK - Essay Example This paper will discuss terms implied at common law into a contract of employment and give an example. The second part will give advice on payment of holiday, working hours and working on holiday. 2. Part 1: Contract of employment. Employees and independent contractors are terms used in the contract of employment. An employee is a person who gives service in place of another in exchange for a salary. Independent contractors resemble employee’s contract but extend service to another. The employee enters into a contract of service while an independent contractor enters into a contract of services. The independent contractors are not entitled to workplace agreement, awards and standards. To differentiate contracts of employment, tests implied by common law are used to determine the relationship. The individual work of an employee and power, together with the command of the employer are assessed. Other tests include: who pays taxed income of the employee and who supplies the resou rces for work. Another test is if the employee can transfer the services to another employer or cause another contract. Lawyers determine if the employee can benefit or lose financially in the contract (Cabrelli, 2008, p. 7). An example is the case involving â€Å"Hollis Vs Vabu Pty Ltd in 2001† (Human rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, 2001, p. 1), the court tested their relationship and saw that their relationship was a contract of employment. Vabu was in control and obtained revenues. Common law causes people to be responsible. It implies confidentiality, being skillful and careful at work. The employer should give a termination notice. The employee and employer should maintain good relations and adapt trust when they work together. Lawyers recommend a written employment contract to define terms of working relationship. New employees need to write a contract of employment so that they obtain specific information on their job description, job title and the relevant te rms of work. They will be aware of their expectation, and obtain information on how to exit incase the contract is no longer favorable. A written employment contract can help an employer retains a competent employee. The agreement on the length of time to serve the employer reduces the number of reasons an employee can chose to terminate a contract. The employee is able to retain the employees they have trained. Another advantage is that the employee becomes obligated to maintain confidentiality. The protection of the company secretes goes beyond the contract. The employee cannot reveal secretes of company which could cause unfair competition. An employment contract will get the best employees if they give the best deal (Honeyball, 2012). Moreover, an employment contract is a way of controlling the employees work. The written contract of employment gives specific details on compensation. Besides being used as evidence in disputes, the written agreement can be used to resolve argumen ts. The contact causes the employer and employee to create a good working relationship as Smith and Baker (2010, p. 66) mention. The challenge with the employment contract is the possibility of the employee being unable to accomplished tasks as agreed. Abrupt termination may not apply because of the agreed length of contract. The employer and employee may have to renegotiate their terms. This is because the funds may not be adequate and could cause financial constrain (Emir, 2012). Another disadvantage is that

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Art - Essay Example This is acknowledged to be one of the artist’s best known prints, and has been reproduced several times from the few impressions available. As compared to his later impressions, there are noted to be some differences such as the shape of the arm â€Å"which is not as yet fully defined† (Ivins: 182). This is one of the several aquatints created by Goya during the last years of his life. According to Schider (p. xxii), the tone of the picture can be lightened by scraping, but cannot be darkened, hence the method involves an exacting procedure. Similar to work done by mezzotint engravers the copper was first roughened with grainy aquatint. Then Goya created the masterpiece by scraping highlights into the prepared surface of the coppersheet. The menacing and mysterious figure of the gargantuan being who could be a Titan such as Prometheus or Zeus, was thus sculpted out of the darkness of the background. In Goya’s etchings with aquatint, known as â€Å"the Caprices†, his main technical achievement was: creating a visual world in which shapes emerge from the darkness (Murray: 153). The artist’s nightmares are portrayed; the form and content of which are unmindful of the natural laws of the universe. The light falls on the image evocatively, but is not realistic. The precise meanings of the images that he created were not clearly explained, and were left to the onlooker’s imagination to interpret at will. Francisco de Goya y Lucientes is observed to have mostly avoided classical themes, and especially did not use orthodox neoclassicism which defined a preference for line over colour, used static poses and refrained from depicting emotion. The term romantic classicism was coined by the art historian Sigfried Giedion, who believed that neoclassicism as an independent style did not exist, and that classical antiquity was compatible with romanticism

The Role of the HIM Manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Role of the HIM Manager - Essay Example The health care industry was the largest industry in 2006 which provided 14 million jobs in addition to 438,000 jobs for the self employed (BLS, 2008). The health care industry delivers care round the clock to millions of people. This requires combining the medical technology with the human touch. The health care industry consists of nine different segments – hospitals, nursing and residential care facilities, office of physicians, office of dentists, home health care services, offices of other health care practitioners, outpatient care centers, other ambulatory health care services and medical and diagnostic laboratories. The hospitals constitute only 1 percent of all healthcare establishments but they employ 35% of all workers. Workers in health care tend to be older than workers in other industries. Health occupations require high level of education and training due to which the health care workers are more likely to remain employed in the same occupation. Health Informatio n Management (HIM) Professionals are vital to any health care organization. This paper will discuss their job description and responsibilities, the challenges they face in discharging their duties and their responsibility towards handling legal and regulatory issues. The HIM professionals are also known by other designations such as Administrative Support Personnel, Health Care Technologist, Health Record Technician, Information Clerk, Information Specialist, Medical Technologist, Office Personnel (Alberta, 2007). The health records in any health care centre contain records about the patients’ history and courses of treatment. These may also include the physicians’ note, forms for prescribed medication, input from other members of the treatment team. While the health records departments are open for longer hours the HIM professionals work in shifts and generally work a standard work week. Their work profile entails spending the better part of the day at the

Strategic Business Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Strategic Business Analysis - Essay Example In this paper, the discussion would revolve around the current state of the security management market in United Kingdom. The objective is to provide an overview of the UK security industry and this had been done taking into consideration one of the leading banks of UK – Abbey National Plc.UK security companies and their services are world leaders, achieving success with equipment and services in overseas markets, particularly in America, Europe, the Middle East, and the Far East. The UK security industry was worth  £4.37 billion in 2002, divided into electronic security  £1.4 billion, physical security  £331 million, police and public services  £63 million and manned security  £1.79 billion. The first study that looked at non-public policing sector was perhaps that undertaken during the 1980s by Stephen and Shannon, which investigated the increasing significance of the private security industry in Canada (Stephen and Shannon 1981, 1982, 1995). In the UK, similar stu dies illustrating the importance of the private security industry were also undertaken around this time (Robert 1993; Anthony 1965). The next stage of research was the recognition there was also a wide range of voluntary, public sector and quasi-public sector organizations engaged in security management (Chandler 1962; Stern and Stalk 1998). Such has been the change in the focus of the study of security management that, today; much of the literature now considers the ‘pluralisation’ or ‘fragmentation’ of security (Bayley and Shearing 1996; Chandler 1962).

Business Management - Marks and spencer plc Essay

Business Management - Marks and spencer plc - Essay Example Marks & Spencer (M&S) is a major British retail store chain, founded in 1884. In the year 2008, it was ranked the 43rd largest retailer in the world. M&S was ranked 17 in The Times' "Top 100 Graduate Employers 2008". Apart from selling clothing and food, most of its domestic stores have started expanding into home wares, furniture and technology. The company made a pre-tax profit of about 1 billion pounds, though a few years after that, it sunk into a crisis which lasted for many years. Since the late 1990s M&S has experienced serious business insecurities and has made a lot of attempts to revive its business. In 2004, M&S was in the news of an attempted takeover by Arcadia Group & Bhs boss, Philip Green. A recovery plan was declared involving selling off the financial services business to HSBC Bank plc,.The takeover bid was withdrawn after failing to get adequate backing from shareholders. A lot of reasons could have contributed to it but now we will look at the technological aspect of the company.

Lower class citizens Essay Example for Free

Lower class citizens Essay In our first workshop we looked at the different classes aboard the titanic. We studied how the first, second, and third class passengers would react going on the titanic. We used still images to show our different facial and body expressions. Looking back at our work we could have improved the way we staged our still images and could have used more space up stage so that the audience had a better view of our body and facial expressions. I also think that we could have used more still images instead of just three we could have used five to show the contrasts of the different classed passengers on the titanic, this would have also improved our performance because the audience would have had a better view of interest and mannerisms from the characters. In the second workshop we looked at the titanic and the 9/11 attack. First, we started looking at the titanic and made 3 still images tom show the different type of characters, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd classed passengers. We developed these by adding hand gestures and facial expressions and also adding role play. Using role play we had to think of the different uses of tone of voice and how each person would speak, like the 1st class passengers would use proper words and would speak clearly whereas the lower class passengers would use cockney and wouldnt speak very clear. We then went on looking at the 9/11 attack on America in 2001. We then had to make role play of a hijacker taking control of the plane and killing an air hostess while she was giving out drinks. We then had to move on to making a role play. I played a window cleaner, complaining about my job when the plane is coming at my windows that I am cleaning. We then did parrot on the shoulder to empathise the worry of those who were there. When we used role play we had to make sure that we used all the right facial and body expressions to show how we were reacting at the time of one of the largest disasters in history. In the third workshop we developed our understanding of hot seating, and used many examples of the titanic to help us. We had to be questioned by the group about his or her background, behaviour and motivation. The characters were based around the catering on the titanic and had all sorts of questions asked to find information about the occupation. We created a scene in which enables us all to get a detailed idea about what it was like to work on the titanic. In workshop four we firstly had to do 3 still images to show the towers standing, falling and the towers no longer standing at all. We had to think of how we could use of our body and facial expressions to show the audience the effects it had. We then looked at a piece of text called Requiem for Ground Zero by Stephen Benkoff. The piece of text told us how the twin towers exploded when the plane hit the building. We had to explore the text and then look at how we could use it in role play. My group first came up with three still images showing how three different people were trapped. We then looked at fallen. This was a phone call that was made when those who were trapped could get hold of their loved ones. We used split screen to show how the different phone calls are made and what is said. During this exercise we had to think about the way we would use body and facial expressions to show emotion. We then moved on to role play. We created a scene that included levels and thought tracking to create more of an atmosphere to our work. The levels meant that we could show what level the characters were, in relevance to showing how important they were in our role play. During workshop five we also did 3 still images on The survival list for the titanic. We used facial expressions and body language to show to the audience the different class. For example the 1st class people would look down on the lower class and their heads would be up very high wheres the lower class people their heads would be down all the time. The higher class got to look at the list first so in this case we would see them pushing past the lower class citizens. The facial and body expressions that we used showed that the majority of higher class people were delighted about the news because they were first priority when it came to life boats and survival. The lower class people would be very upset, due to the fact that they werent as important when the life boats were being filled, so many of the lower classed passengers aboard the ship died.

Financial Ratio Analysis On Company Performance Commerce Essay

Financial Ratio Analysis On Company Performance Commerce Essay Critically evaluating the financial analysis position of the two major UK based Companies BP plc and Royal Dutch Shell plc by calculating the ratios which seems to be an appropriate to bring-out the performance and the strategic financial management of the companies. BP PLC AT Glance BP is one of the worlds largest energy companies, providing its customers with fuel for transportation, energy for heat and light, retail services and petrochemicals products for everyday items with Core BP Brands are: Castrol Arco Aral Am Pm Wild bean cafà © Starting in 1908 with oil found in a rugged part of Persia after a long and difficult search. Still commencing its development in this 21st century with the long-term projects in Russia, the Gulf of Mexico, North America, Azerbaijan, Indonesia were it has a lot of oil and gas in the proverbial pipelines. The BP group operates across six continents, were products and services are available in more than 100 countries with 80,300 employees (at 31st Dec 2009).the sales and other operating revenues comes to $239 billion (2009).the number of service stations expanding to 22,400 with an active exploration and production in 30countries. SHELL PLC at Glance The parent company of the Shell group is Royal Dutch Shell plc, which is incorporated in England and Wales. Shell is a global group of energy and petrochemical companies and headquarters are in The Hague, the Netherlands, were Chief Executive Officer is Peter Voser. Its aim is to meet the energy needs of society, in ways that are economically, socially and environmentally viable, now and in the future. The brand oils are: Shell Advance :-Shell Advance oils unique performance package is dedicated to bikes and bikers, backed by years of know-how and expertise in lubricants and biking experience. Shell Donax :-Shell Donax Heavy Duty Transmission fluids. Protecting the fleet and reducing the maintenance costs. Shell HelixHYPERLINK javascript:void(#):-Shell Helix motor oil contains active cleansing agents that continuously clean and protect the engine, allowing it to operate at its full potential. Shell Retinax :-The superior performance of Shell Retinax greases is recognised by many of the worlds leading truck manufacturers, many choosing Retinax as their factory-fill grease of first choice. Shell Rimula :-Shell Rimula is one of the worlds leading brands of heavy duty diesel engine oils with top quartile brand preference in many of the markets in which they operate. Shell Rotella :-Shell Rotella portfolio includes heavy duty diesel engine oils, coolants, multi grade oils, designed to provide excellent performance for vehicles, farm implements and construction equipment. Shell Spirax :-Shell Spirax is a leading brand of transmission and gear fluids. Shell Plc operates in above 90countries with 101,000 number of employees on sale of 145 billion litres of fuel. It produces 2% of worlds oil and 3% of worlds gas containing of 44,000 thousand shell service stations and above 35 refineries and chemical plants all over the world. What Is PIMS? Profit Impact of Marketing Strategy (PIMS) is a data base of the market profiles and business results of major American and European companies developed with intention of providing empirical evidence of which business strategies lead to success with in particular industries. Data from the study is used to craft strategies in strategic management and marketing strategy. The study identified several strategic variables that typically influence profitability. Some of the most important strategic variables studied were Market share Product quality Investment intensity Service quality The PIMS project was started by Sidney Schoeffler working at GE in the 1960s, then picked up by Harvards Management Science Institute in the early 1970s, and has been administered by the American Strategic Planning Institute since 1975. It was initiated by senior managers at GE who wanted to know why some of their business units were more profitable than others. With the help of Sidney Schoeffler they set up a research project in which each of their strategic business units reported their performance on dozens of variables. This was then expanded to outside companies in the early 1970s. The survey, between 1970 and 1983, involved 3,000 strategic business units (SBU), from 200 companies. Each SBU gave information on the market, within which they operated, the products they had brought to market and the efficiency of the strategies they had implemented. (http://www.economicexpert.com). The PIMS project analysed the data they had gathered to identify the options, problems, resources and opportunities faced by each SBU. According to Tellis and Golder (1996) claim that PIMS defined markets too narrowly. Respondents described their market very narrowly to give the appearance of high market share. This self reporting bias makes the conclusions suspect. They are also concerned that no defunct companies were included, leading to survival markets. (http://www.economicexpert.com). PIMS Between BP PLC and SHELL PLC BP operates at the frontiers of the energy industry wit world class assets, technology, and capability it knew how to meet the energy needs and deliver the long-term value. BP stays ahead of Shell in restructuring the efforts were the energy management have acknowledged more work is required and is to cut further 5,000 jobs globally in an effort of re-align the business to better meet the operational challenges into the global economic recovery. Shells third quarter 2009 earnings, on a current cost of supplies basis were $2.99 billon compared to $10.9 billion a year ago were the CCS earnings per share decreased by 72%in the same quarter and the cash flow operating activities also raised 42% from $12.6 billion (2009) to $7.35 billion (2008).When it comes to BP the profit fell to $4.98 billion compared to $10.03 billion an year earlier using the industry standard replacement cot profit calculation. The firm reduced the headcount by 3000 last year and is set to cut another 5,000 jobs by the end of 2009. Despite shells good operating performance in this difficult environment it is embarked on an ambitious programme of stringent measures to further improvement of performance .BP shares the remain favoured relative to shell for most buy and holds investors requiring the exposure to the firms relative progress in 2009 to maintain a trend. (http://seekingalpha.com). Performance P/L Sheet of BP PLC and SHELL PLC for the years 2009-08.   Transactions BP Shell 2009 2008 2009 2008 Revenue 239272 361143 278188 458361 Purchases 163772 266982 203075 359587 Gross profit 75500 94161 75113 98774 Production and manufacturing expenses 26954 35709 25301 25565 Selling and administrative expenses 14038 273441 18555 18136 Depreciation and amortization 12106 10985 14458 13656 Exploration expenses 1116 882 2178 1995 Net Interest and other income 5140 262095 6941 12579 Finance costs 1302 956 542 1181 Profit/loss before tax 25124 34283 21020 50820 Taxation 8365 12617 8302 24344 Profit/loss after tax for financial year 16759 21666 12718 26476 Fair Calculations of ratios are as follows Calculation of Selected Ratios for Companies Performance: Using the financial information of the companies the few selected ratios are calculated and explained as follows 1)  (ROCE) Return On Capital Employed =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2009 YR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2008 YR BP 15 22.35 SHELL 10.48 29.67 BP 2009= 15 BP 2008 = 22.35 Shell 2009=0.48 Shell 2008=29.67 Gross profit margin ratio tells the profit a company makes on its cost of sales or cost of goods sold. Here, BP shows an approx 7% fall in 2009 when compared to 2008. Shell shows a fall of 18% in 2009 which more compared to 2008. 2) Gross Profit Margin =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2009 YR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2008 YR BP 31.55 26.07 SHELL 27 21.55 BP 2009 = 31.55 Bp 2008= 26.07 Shell 2009 = 27 Shell 2008= 21.55 Gross profit margin ratio tells the profit a company makes on its cost of sales or cost of goods sold. Both the companies BP and Shell had show a result of 5.50% goods sold during 2009 which is quite better than the 2008. 3) Mark up =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2009 YR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2008 YR BP 46.10 35.27 SHELL 36.99 27.47 BP 2009=46.10 BP 2008= 35.27 Shell 2009= 36.99 Shell 2008= 27.47 Mark-up is the amount, or percentage, a trader adds to the cost price of goods, in order to achieve a profit. The mark-up is the profit percentage based on the cost of goods sold. Both the companies have showed an increase of 10% mark up price in 2009 than the previous year 2008. 4) Current ration =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2009 YR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2008 YR BP 1.14:1 0.95:1 SHELL 1.14:1 1.10:1 BP 2009= 1.14:1 Bp 2008= 0.95:1 Shell 2009=1.14:1 Shell 2008=1.10:1 Measuring the both companys efficiency and short-term liabilities gives out the current ratio of working capital. In the year 2009 BP and SHELL shows an equal ratio of efficiency than the year 2008. 5) ACID TEST RATIO =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2009 YR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2008 YR BP 0.76:1 0.17:1 SHELL 0.81:1 0.92:1 BP 2009 = 0.76:1 BP 2008= 0.17:1 SHELL 2009 = 0.81:1 SHELL 2008 =0.92:1 Quick or liquidity ratio is also known to be Acid test ratio. Working out with the current assets minus stock divided by current liabilities gives the value of the companys liquidity. This tells whether company have short term assets to cover the immediate liabilities without selling inventory. BP had given a quick raise of 0.60:1 between 2008-09 than the SHELL. Analytical Methods Suitable Horizontal Analysis: The analyzing of financial information for two or more years for a single company it is known as horizontal analysis. When comparing the amount in dollars computing percentage changes from year to year for all financial statement balances, such as cash and inventory. Trend analysis involves calculating each years financial statement balances as percentages of the first year known as the base year. For example the below horizontal analysis   table of the two companies are :- Horizontal Analysis 2009/2008 (%) BP Shell Revenue -33.75 -39.31 Purchases -38.66 -43.53 Gross profit -19.82 -23.95 Production and manufacturing expenses -24.52 -1.03 Selling, and administrative expenses -94.87 2.31 Depreciation and amortization 10.20 5.87 Exploration expenses 26.53 9.17 Net Interest and other income -98.04 -44.82 Finance costs 36.19 -54.11 Profit/loss before tax -26.72 -58.64 Taxation -33.70 -65.90 Profit/loss after tax for financial year -22.65 -51.96 Vertical Analysis: The term vertical analysis applies because each years figures are listed vertically on a financial statement. The total on the income statement is net sales revenue, while on the balance sheet it is total assets. This approach to financial statement analysis, also known as component percentages. Common-size balance sheets and income statements can be more easily compared, whether across the years for a single company or different companies.   Vertical Analysis 2009/2008 (%) BP Shell 2009 2008 2009 2008 Revenue 100 100 100 100 Purchases 68.45 73.93 73.00 78.45 Gross profit 31.55 26.07 27.00 21.55 Production and manufacturing expenses 11.27 9.89 9.09 5.58 Selling and administrative expenses 5.87 75.72 6.67 3.96 Depreciation and amortization 5.06 3.04 5.20 2.98 Exploration expenses 0.47 0.24 0.78 0.44 Net Interest and other income 2.15 72.57 2.50 2.74 Finance costs 0.54 0.26 0.19 0.26 Profit/loss before tax 10.50 9.49 7.56 11.09 Taxation 3.50 3.49 2.98 5.31 Profit/loss after tax for financial year 7.00 6.00 4.57 5.78 http://www.economicexpert.com/a/Profit:impact:of:marketing:strategy.html http://seekingalpha.com/article/170391-bp-stays-one-step-ahead-of-shell-in-restructuring-efforts

Abortions Should Be Stopped :: Abortion Pro Choice Essays

Abortions are one of the many things that everyone has an opinion on. As defined by the 2012 Merriam-Webster dictionary, an Encyclopedia Britannica Company, an abortion is, â€Å"the termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus as a spontaneous expulsion of a human fetus during the first 12 weeks of gestation--miscarriage, the induced expulsion of a human fetus, or the expulsion of a fetus by a domestic animal often due to infection at any time before completion of pregnancy.† Abortions have always been and will probably always be a controversial topic in which everyone will not agree upon. In the midst of the controversy, two groups have emerged. These groups are referred to as pro-life and pro-choice. According to Gale Opposing Viewpoints in Context, pro-life supporters claim that life begins at conception, therefore, abortion at any stage in the pregnancy is murder. They believe that life is valuable and the life of the unborn baby has the same rights as the mother. Pro-choice supporters, on the other hand, claim that it is the woman’s right to choose what she does with her body. These pro-abortionists claim that anti-abortionists are truly against the rights of women and free choice rather than the termination of the fetus. Pro-life and pro-choice advocates differ in many of their opinions, specifically, concerning when life begins, affects abortions have on the mother, and how politics and religion play a role in abortions. In order to fully understand any topic, a complete explanation is required. Therefore, the history of abortions and different procedures used are no exception. Abortions have been around for thousands of years. However, in the eighteen hundreds abortions in the United States became illegal. Due to the lack of medical education, procedures and surgeries such as abortions were very dangerous. As medical advancements were made, women still had to rely on back ally abortions which usually resulted in the harm of thousands of women. Abortions remained illegal, despite the medical advancements largely impart to the fact that physicians did not want to share their patients with other practitioners. The American Medical Association stated that abortions were wrong and unsafe. Therefore, according to the National Abortion Federation, abortions were then made into a â€Å"physicians-only† practice because they could be performed legally in order to save the woman’s life.

Red Badge of Courage :: essays research papers

REVIEW 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Discuss the novel as a psychological journey. Discuss how Henry Changes throughout the novel. What causes him to change? Henry Fleming is a young solider fighting for the union army during the civil war. Throughout the war Henry ventures on a long psychological journey to discover himself. Often referred to as â€Å"the youth† Henry comes into battle with the naà ¯ve fantasies of being a war hero with out ever having faced a single battle, making him extremely self centered and vein. His desires to be heroic are far from noble but are based solely on the desire to be accepted and admired by men. He is motivated only by the idea of being immortalized among men and really holds no sense of right and wrong. Many times he justifies his coward ness by saying that the other men are not â€Å"wise enough to save themselves from the flurry of death.† And somehow restores his own self pride. He convinces himself every time that his lies are truth. But mid way through the novel Henry finally faces battle and the turning point of the novel occurs, because Henry fights, he no longer cares about himself but is part of the bigger picture he is a vital part of the â€Å"fighting machine†. As Henry forgets about the immature fantasies of a reputation he begins to earn one and quite a good one. Many of the officers are even offering their compliments and praise. Henry’s character comes full circle when he let go of his earlier mistakes and abandons the hope of a great heroism and trades it all for the more gratifying understanding of what it is to be a man. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Discuss the religious imagery in the novel. How does Crane’s background influence his opinon What point is he making? The is tons of religious imagery. The most obvious is Jim being portrayed as Jesus Christ his initials are even JC and in his death he even depicts him with the â€Å"piercing† on his side and his blood covered hands. Crane was probably most influenced by his father who was a Methodist minister. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How is the novel an example of Realism? Give specific ezamples that show the novel as a realistic novel. What descriptions of battle make the novel realistic? By definition realism is, â€Å"understanding of nature of real life: a practical understanding and acceptance of the actual nature of the world, rather than an idealized or romantic view of it†.

Slavery :: Slavery Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Justify Slavery   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reparations are intended to make up for the unjustified actions of the past. By doing so, it punishes the people of today to make up for the actions from the people in the past. Should a person in today’s generation suffer for the actions of our ancestors? Should one collect special benefits for the suffering of their ancestors? By offering special benefits, would it solve or make up for the injustice of slavery? African Americans did suffer in the past from the injustice of slavery. Take in mind that it was the past, and the injustice of slavery does not affect African Americans in today’s day and time. White Americans in today’s day and time did not own or have anything to do with slavery. If one was to be punished or receive special benefits it should be the people that slavery directly affected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the history of the United States the American Indians were slaughtered, and are still collecting for the injustice actions of the past. America is still providing help, and handing out special benefits. American Indians receive special benefits such as land being put aside called reservations, allowed to put up casinos, and are able to receive scholarship funds for college with fewer qualifications. The experience that the American Indians went through was a lot worse than the experience that the African Americans faced. In both cases I believe that the people of today should not have to feel guilty for the actions of their ancestors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If the Unites States developed reparations program for the injustice of slavery of African Americans it would create no good but only conflict. Two wrongs do not make a right. Punishing the people of today for the actions of the past creates reverse racism. It’s simply stating that because one is African American that he or she deserves special benefits. It forms racism towards other races. It is saying that just because one is not African American that they do not deserve to receive special treatment, and that they are not as good as African Americans. African Americans today were never slaves, nor were white Americans today slave owners. African Americans have recovered from slavery, and do not need any extra help. It is more satisfying to accomplish something on ones own.

Although “Romeo and Juliet” Was Written by William Shakespeare in About 1600, Its Themes of Fate and Death, Love and Hate Are Enduring Concerns for Us Today. Discuss. Essay

3. Although â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† was written by William Shakespeare in about 1600, its themes of fate and death, love and hate are enduring concerns for us today. Discuss. ~ â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is a tragedy, written by the renowned Shakespeare in the 1600’s, which has remained a popular play for many people today. It tells the story of two star crossed lovers whose fleeting romance is ended by tragedy. The reason that this play is so appealing to audiences’ today lies within the main themes of the play – love and hate, death and fate. Because of the enduring the components of these themes, the lessons and experiences found in the book can be easily relatable to the people of our time. The themes of love, which we will see comes in many forms, are all easily related to situations that many people will face in our times. Hate is also a theme which has continued from Shakespeare’s time to now and largely effects communities today. Death is a theme that everybody can relate to, and the reasons for the deaths in Romeo and Juliet can also be applied to certain people’s death. The theme fate is not so easily applica ble to today’s society as the other themes, but there are many exceptions and the concepts behind fate can still apply to us today. But the first theme to be discussed will be that of love. One of the most obvious themes in the play is Love. Within the play, there are a couple of types of love displayed – a fleeting infatuation and a genuine love. The fleeting love can be seen at the opening of the play where Romeo claims to be in love with the maiden Rosaline. His crush on Rosaline leads him to do thoughtless things, which Montague tells us when he says: â€Å"Away from the light steals home my heavy son and in his private chamber pens himself, shuts up his windows, locks fair daylight out, and makes himself an artificial night.†(Act 1, scene 1, page 29) Romeo locks himself in his room and weeps over her, but as soon as he sees Juliet, his love for her instantly vanishes. Many people can relate to this today because growing up they are bound to have brief infatuations that, although fleeting, may also make them do some unwise things. And secondly, the genuine love of Romeo and Juliet. For these two, it was love at first sight, but evidently  it was an e verlasting love. In comparison to Romeo and Rosaline’s love, Romeo and Juliet show a much deeper, passionate love. They speak to each other in poetry and are even willing to risk their lives and kill themselves for each other. In the balcony scene, Romeo even says to Juliet: â€Å"I am no pilot yet, wert thou as far as that vast shore washed with the farthest sea, I should adventure for such merchandise† (act 2, scene 2, page 52) This means that he would go to the ends of the earth, no matter how dangerous or difficult it was, just to reach Juliet. One modern example of this love would be from September 3rd 2010. Brian Wood and his pregnant wife Erin were driving to meet family when a car raced head on towards them. Brian immediately spun the wheel to the right, making sure that only he would be hit with full impact from the car. Brian was killed, but Erin walked away with only a few bruises. That is only one of many thousands examples of love that we see today. Love is a concept that can be grasped by people from around the world at any time in history. On the other hand, â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† also provides us with the theme opposite of love – hate. Hate is a strong theme in â€Å" Romeo and Juliet†, ultimately leading to the death of several characters. The opening scene of the play shows us the rivalry between the two rich families, the Montagues and Capulets. The long-lasting feud causing destruction and havoc within the city of Verona. There are many gangs today that share the same behavioural traits of the Capulets and Montagues back then. For example, there were many fights fought in the play over small issues. For example, in Act 1 Scene 1 when Sampson and Gregory see people from the house of Montague approaching, they discuss ways of provoking them to start a fight, saying things such as: â€Å"I will bite my thumb at them, which is a disgrace if they bear it† and â€Å"Draw, if you be men.†(Act 1, scene 1, page 26) The people of the Capulet house go purposely looking for a fight. Whereas the gangs today will fight over matters such as territory, respect and drug turf and will purposely go out looking for fights so they can look more superior to other gangs. Another scene where we see this theme is in the scene when Mercutio dies and Romeo says: â€Å"Away to heaven respective lenity, and fire-eyed fury be my conduct n ow!† (Act 3, scene 1, page 71) Here Romeo wants to avenge Mercutio’s death by killing Tybalt, even though he originally did not want to fight Tybalt because of his marriage to Juliet, Tybalts cousin. This can be compared to gangs, who  will not leave any type of disrespect unanswered in fear of losing their reputation or respect. Sometimes, when the hatred of one another gets out of hand, it can lead to the next theme, death. The death of six characters throughout â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† makes death significant theme, as well as presenting the play as a tragedy. All of the deaths in the play were a result of the feud between the Montagues and the Capulets, whether it was suicide or murder. The theme of death is universal theme Shakespeare highlights in his plays that has not changed through the years. Death is an everlasting concept and there will always be application for it in the world, whether it is today or 411 years ago. In order, there were the deaths of Mercutio, Tybalt, Paris, Romeo, Juliet and finally Lady Montague. The two most prominent deaths were of Romeo and Juliet who, after a failed plan to avoid Juliet’s marriage to Paris, commit suicide. Friar Laurence explains after both are found dead in the tomb, saying: â€Å"But when I came, some minute ere the time of her awakening, here untimely lay the noble Paris and true Romeo dead†¦ And she, too, desperate, would not go with me.† (Act 5, scene 3, page 115). One modern application of this happened in October 2010. In that month, there were over five cases of teenage suicide because of harassment at school due to their sexual orientation. This applies the same concepts of the suicides of Romeo and Juliet when they were not able to be with one another because of opposition. The other deaths are results of murders by the opposing side of the quarrel. There have been so many wars and gang fights in our time, it would be almost impossible to name them all. Much like the grudge between the Montagues and Capulets, many have died as a result of the fighting, when it could have otherwise been solved. The reason behind the grudge between the Montagues and Capulets had been long forgotten, as has the reasoning behind the conflict between gangs. Another factor that can also be blamed for the death of certain characters is fate. Fate is perhaps one of the most important factors in the death of the two protagonists. â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is a tragic play where the characters have no awareness of their ensuing downfall. In the time the play is set, fate and destiny were huge concepts that were definitely factors that affected the decisions made in their lives. But in today’s society there are less and less people who think that there is anything that is meant to be or supposed to happen, and instead think about ways to get around problems and that  there are many different outcomes for each of our actions. They believe that they have their own free will and their futures are determined by the decisions they make. This theme, although not very directly, is still applicable to us now. There are still people who do believe in fate, just as in the 1600’s. There are many people such as psychics or fortune tellers who make their living out of telling people their destinies. But the majority of society may not think of their lives as being predetermined by some force, many decide to follow their gut feeling in making decisions. Before going to the Capulet’s party and meeting Juliet, Romeo says: â€Å"I fear, too early. For my mind misgives some consequence, yet hanging in the stars†(Act 1, scene 5, page 42) Here Romeo is scared and doesn’t feel as if he should go to the ball because he thinks there is an event destined by the stars that is going to happen that night. Similarly, today there are people who will base their decisions on how they feel and the consequences of that action. Almost every single person at some point in their lives will question themselves, asking things such as: What is my purpose in life? Having a purpose in life is like having a destiny. You may not know what it is, and you may not know how to find out. There are many different opportunities and choices that are met, but as you live your life, every decision that you make up to a certain point leads you to the answer of your question. There are many ideas behind the themes of Romeo and Juliet, all of which have endured down to today. With the universal concepts of the themes of love, hate, death and fate we fi nd that the lives of the Montagues and Capulets were much like the lives that we live today. Of course the situations they were in were different, but the same lessons can be learned and the same themes are applied to daily life. So as Juliet said in the balcony scene: â€Å"What’s in a name? That which we call a rose by any other word could smell as sweet.† (act 2, scene 2, page 51). Just as a rose would smell just as sweet if called by any other name, the themes of â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† and its lessons are just as impressive when applied to the different situations in different time periods.

Design of Fuzzy Controller

Design of fuzzy controller for two tank interacting system Mohamed sabith KT Second year M. tech Dept of Electrical Engineering NIT Calicut Calicut, India [email  protected] com Dr. Abraham T Mathew Professor, Dept of Electrical Engineering NIT Calicut Calicut, India [email  protected] ac. in Abstract—The control of liquid level in tanks and flow between tanks is a basic problem in the process Industries. Vital industries such as Petro-chemical industries, Paper making industries, Water treatment industries have the coupled tanks processes. The level of fluid in the tanks and interaction between tanks must be controlled.The aim of the project is to model the the coupled two tank liquid level system and to design a fuzzy controller. For coupled tank systems with non linear and complex characteristics classical PID is difficult to achieve the desired response. Fuzzy logic control is a classic method by which dynamic performance and strong robustness is guaranteed. The projec t compares the performance of the two tank system with classical PID and fuzzy logic control. Index Terms—PID, fuzzy logic, steady state Introduction through two separate pumps whose output is throttled using a control valve.Separate disturbance are made to both the tanks using hand valves. The two tanks are connected by means of hand valve, so the level of tank 1 will affect the tank 2 and vice versa. So this is a highly non linear system. Flow transmitters and pressure transmitters are there which give indication of flow and level respectively in a scale of 4-20 mA. The input from this sensors are taken to a computer which is process by a software in which controller is implemented which will give necessary control signal to throttle the control valve to get the necessary level.A Coupled tanks process is found in the many industries. Generally, The TITO processes have the problems to control their systems because of the existence of interactions between input and output var iables. Many control methods such as 2DOF PID [1], Auto tuning PID [2], CDM [3] and Decoupling [4] have been applied to coupled tanks processes for solving their problems. This paper presents control of two tank interacting system with the help of classical PID and Fuzzy control. The paper is organized as follows.The next section gives details about Coupled-tank process. Section 3 explains about modeling of two tank interacting system. Section 4 explains PID based control. Section 5 explains an implementation of Fuzzy Controller for coupled tank process. Section 6 shows experiment process and results. Finally, conclusions are given in section 7. COUPLED TANK SYSTEM MODELLING OF A TWO TANK INTERACTING SYSTEM Consider the coupled tank, two-input two-output process . The target is to control level of two tanks by the inlet water flow from two pumps P1and P2.The process inputs are flow rate of two pumps u1(t)and u2(t) which is throttled using control valves. The nonlinear plant equation s can be obtained by mass balance equation The overall material balance on the cylindrical tank is: Rate of mass accumulation in the system = rate of mass entering in the system- rate of mass leaving the system There for the dynamics of the tank system can be written as The coupled tank apparatus is shown in the Figure 1. 1. The apparatus is a model consisting of a pump, two cylindrical tanks made of plexiglas, two control valves, and two level transmitters .The two tanks are installed in a manner as shown in the fig 2. 1The water input to both the tank is provided 1 1 = ? 1 ? 1 ? 2 ? ? 1 + ? ( 2 ? ? 2 ? (2 ? ? 1( ) 2 2 = ? 2 ? 2 ? 2 ? ? 2 + ? ( 2 ? ? ( 1 ? 2 ? ? 2 Where A is the cross section area of tank 1 and tank 2, a is the cross section area of outlet hole of tank 1and tank 2 and cross section area of jointed pipe between tank 1 and tank 2 , ? 1 is the valve ratio at the outlet of tank 1, ? 2 is the valve ratio at the outlet of tank 2, ? x is the valve ratio between tank 1 and tank 2. k1,k2 are the gain of the pump. The above equations can be converted to transfer function form and a transfer matrix of the form is obtained. ?1( ) 11( ) 12( ) = ? 2( ) 21( ) 22( ) 1( ) 2( ) nteraction between processes, the control design needs the decoupling controllers to minimize the cross coupling effects Because of the interaction between processes, the control design needs the decoupling controllers to minimize the cross coupling effects The decoupling controllers consist of two decouplers d12 and d21 . The purpose of using decouple is to decouple the multivariable system. This can be done by choosing the following transfer function. D21=-G21/G22 D12=-G12/G11 SIMULINK SIMULATION OF COUPLED TANK SYSTEM WITH PID CONTROL AND DECOUPLERS The modeled coupled tank system was simulated using simulink .G11 represent the dynamics of the tank 1 ,similarly G22 represent the dynamics of tank2. G12 represent the effect of level of tan k 2 on tank1,and G21 represent the effect of level of tank 1 on tank 2. Due to high interaction between the tanks ,its difficult to control with ordinary PID. So as to avoid the interaction Decouplers were introduced. The advantage with the decoupler is that separate PID controllers can be designed for individual loops. Two individual PID controllers were designed for the two loops and tuning of the controllers were also performed.Tank 1 is subjected to a setpoint input of 15cm at time of 30 seconds and it is having an setpoint of 5cm. Similarly Tank 2 is subjected to a setpoint input of 25cm at time of 50 seconds and it is having an initial setpoint of 10. The response of the simulated system is shown in fig below,both the level of tank 1 and tank 2 follows the setpoint with small peak overshoot. Where h1, h2 are the liquid level in two tanks and u1,u2 are the input into the two tank . Where transfer matrix Gij(s)has the value as following G11(s)= 1 + 2 + 2 1 + +2 1 2 1 1 1 2 + +( + + ) 1 2 1 2 1 2 G22(s)= 2 + 1 + 1 1 + 2 +2 1 2 1 1 1 2 + +( + + ) 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 + 2 +2 1 2 1 1 1 2 + +( + + ) 1 2 1 2 1 G12(S)= G21(S)= 1 1 1 + 2 +2 1 2 1 1 1 2 + +( + + ) 1 2 1 2 1 2 Design of Decouplers The theoretically modeled system was simulated using simulink as shown in fig. below . G11(s) represents the tank 1 and G22(s) represents the tank 2. The effect of tank 1 on tank 2 is given by G21(s) and the effect of tank 2 on tank 1 is given by G12(s). This coupled tank system is having high interaction and it also exhibits non linear characterstics.Because of the The input variable error(e) is shown below,for all these inputs five membership functions are used. The five membership functions are NB,N,Z,P,PB. Fuzzy controller The traditional control, which includes the classical feedback control , has encountered many difficulties in its applications. The design and analysis of traditional control systems are based on their preci se mathematical models, which are usually very difficult to achieve owing to the complexity, nonlinearity, time varying and incomplete characteristics of the existing practical systems.One of the most effective ways to solve the problem is to use the technique of intelligent control system, or hybrid methodology of the traditional and ntelligent control techniques. The output variable is shown below As i have 2 inputs with 5 membership functions,I used 25 rules(IF THEN ). The surface of the rulebase is as shown below The above fig shows how a fuzzy controller is implemented . The Fuzzy controller takes two input and have one output, error and rate of change of error are given as input to the fuzzy controller . depending on the input the fuzzy controller produces required control action.For all input and output triangular membership functions are used. The input rate of change of error(de) is shown below The two tank system with fuzzy controller is subjected to an input,the first tan k is set to a initial level of 5cm then it is subjected to a step change of 15 cm at 25 seconds,for the second tank it is set to a initial level of 10 cm and final level of 20 cm. With fuzzy controller the outputs obtained is as shown below [1] Suparoek Kangwanrat1, Vittaya Tipsuwannaporn ? Design of PI Controller Using MRAC Techniques for Coupled-Tanks Process? International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems 2010 Oct. 7-30, 2010 in KINTEX, Gyeonggido, Korea [2] V. R. Ravi , T. Thyagarajan ? Application of Adaptive Control Technique to Interacting Non Linear Systems† IEEE Transactions On Systems, Man, And Cybernetics—Part B: Cybernetics, 33( ), 2003, 514–521 [3] [3] Dr. S. AbrahamLincon, P. Selvakumar ? Design of PI Controller using Characteristic Ratio Assignment Method for Coupled Tank SISO Process? International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 25– No. 9, July 2011 [4] Li LIANG ? The application of fuzzy PID contr oller in coupled-tank liquid-level control system?IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 25-35, 2010 [5] Jutarut Chaorai-ngern, Arjin Numsomran, Taweepol Suesut, Thanit Trisuwannawat and Vittaya Tipsuwanporn ?PID Controller Design using Characteristic Ratio Assignment Method for Coupled-Tank Process.? Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation CONCLUSION The output obtained for fuzzy controller doesnot show peak overshoot as in th case of a PID controller ,the problem observed with fuzzy controller is that small oscillations will be prescent at steady state REFERENCES

The Garden of Love

This poem uses the deterioration of an Edenic garden to represent the corrupting effect of organised religion upon our internal state of being. Blake's ‘The Garden of Love' functions as a criticism upon organised religion, poignantly reflecting on its capacity to replace humanity's innocent joys with rules and empty routines. Stanza 1 The name ‘Garden of Love' almost appears hackneyed through its traditional, Edenic connotations. It is a representation of innocence, with green, open spaces often being associated with childhood in Blake's poetry. The speaker comments that they saw â€Å"what [they] never had seen†, which seems to imply that something material has changed external to themselves, namely the altered landscape that is subsequently detailed; however, this poem, in the context of the ‘Songs of Innocence and Experience', symbolises an internal fall from innocence, and it is therefore only the speaker's perspective that has changed. The Church is then introduced as the object of the poet's condemnation, represented through the synecdoche of the â€Å"Chapel†. It is built â€Å"in the midst†, implying that organised religion is central to the corruption that infected the zeitgeist of the late 18th century. Furthermore, the aural suggestion of ‘mist' subtly evokes a somewhat disquieting image of the Chapel being shrouded in vapour, which is often a symbol of materialism in Blake and could therefore imply a preoccupation with wealth in Christianity. This contrasts with the â€Å"green†, a representation of childhood, where the speaker used to â€Å"play†, a verb with similar connotations. Stanza 2 The gates of the chapel are said to be â€Å"shut†, suggesting that the religiosity of the Church is an exclusive privilege. Indeed, Blake was very critical of an institution which effectively heralds its clergy as closer to God than ordinary worshippers; in his eyes, every human is equal before the natural order. He extends his condemnation to the Old Testament in the subsequent line, commenting that â€Å"Thou shalt not† was â€Å"writ over the door†. This is an allusion to the Ten Commandments, which Blake deemed to be overly regulatory; he instead put his faith into the New Testament, which conversely advises humanity as to how it should conduct itself, therefore placing a greater emphasis on free will. The speaker then â€Å"turn[s]† to the Garden of Love, unveiling a poignant tableau in which they realise that the green innocence of their youth, which â€Å"so many sweet flowers bore†, has become devastated beyond hope. The final stanza is extremely bleak, alluding to death through its evocation of â€Å"graves† and â€Å"tombstones†, which have now replaced the â€Å"flowers† of the speaker's youth. The poem ends with a rhyming couplet, whose swaying rhythm represents an endless cycle of innocence into experience, an idea reinforced by the use of language such as â€Å"rounds† and â€Å"briars†. The reference to priests confirms that this poem is an attack on organised religion, which has repressed our â€Å"joys and desires†. It therefore serves to mentally imprison us, acting, along with the government, monarchy and other formal institutions, as a fortification of experience.

Political Dynasty Essay

The Philippine Constitution is a Social Contract which embodies the fundamental principles and policies, according to which the Filipino people are governed by the State. The fundamental principles are abstract and as such they cover every aspect of the life of the Filipino people; while the fundamental policies cover specific areas of application of those principles. The fundamental principles remain fixed and permanent, but the policies built upon those principles can be modified or repealed by legislation to suit the needs of the times. The title is product of my out of the box philosophizing about the provisions of Section 1 and Section 26 taken together of Article II of our Constitution. I must say that philosophizing does not tell us my conclusions and/or thoughts are right or wrong, true or false, but it has certainly given me the basis upon which to present my meta-understanding of Section 1 and Section 26: Article II, Section 1 says: â€Å"The Philippines is a democratic and republican state. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. † This is the most basic principle of the Constitution, and it refers to a natural law as formulated and accepted in the mind; it refers also to essential truth upon which other truths are based. Article II, Section 26: â€Å"The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service, and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law. † This is a policy built upon the principle of Section 1, and it refers to a planned line of conduct in the light of which individual decisions on political dynasties are made and coordination is achieved. Moreover, political dynasties refer to the line of politicians of the same families. Every coin has two inseparable opposite sides – the head and the tail – yet they complement each other as they are opposed to each other to constitute only one coin. Similarly, the political issue on dynasty has two opposite yet complementary sides (a) â€Å"the principle of political dynasty† of Section 1 and (b) the â€Å"the policy of political dynasty† of Section 26. Both Sections constitute one Article II. The policy of Section 26 names the specific area of application of the principle of Section 1 of the same Article II. The policy of Section 26 is built upon the basic principle of Section 1. Moreover, the fundamental principle of Section 1 remain fixed and permanent, but policies of Section 3 can be are modified or repealed by legislation to suit the needs and demands of the times. The People: The Creators and Masters of Political Dynasties The phrase – â€Å"sovereignty resides in the people, and all government authority emanates from them† – clearly shows that the people are the habitat of the sovereignty. However, â€Å"people† have two distinct yet mutually complementary meanings, namely, â€Å"people as electorate† which is the source of political power of elected politicians and â€Å"people as corporate nation† which is the reason for being of elected politicians. These â€Å"dual meanings of people† effectively signify that the elected politicians are â€Å"public servants† of the people; hence the people are their â€Å"boss and master† in our democratic and republican state, not the way around By virtue of their sovereign power, the people are superior to any and all existing political dynasties, whose reason for being is service to their masters, the people. On moral grounds, the people must be awakened to the reality that they are the boss of political dynasties, and therefore they have no reason to fear the, before, during, and after political elections. Centrality of Morality in the Constitution The centrality of morality to our Constitution is evident in the Preamble, in the imploration to Almighty God for aid to build a just and humane society and to establish a Government that shall embody the Filipino ideals and aspirations and promote their common good under a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace. The rest of the Constitution revolves around these moral ideals and moral values. These are the moral foundations of the Social Ethics Society. There are socio-economic phenomena in many areas of the country where the life-style and the exercise of political power by political dynasties is betrayal of public trust, because it is not in accord with the following moral imperatives and criteria of right and wrong in public service: â€Å"Public office is a public trust. Public officers and employees must at all times accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency; act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest life†. (Article X on Accountability) Every elected politician in the public service is bound to abide by those mandates. Congress had passed anti-graft and anti-corruption laws, e. g. RA No. 6713, also known as Code of Ethics for Government Officials and Employees, in the public service. However, it appears that many of our elected politicians pay only â€Å"lip service† to anti-Graft and Anti-Corruptions laws. For instance, there are widespread phenomena of bribery and corruption in the public service, reportedly perpetuated by corrupt politician, many of whom are allegedly members of political dynasties. Centrality of Morality to Legality The Preamble provides the moral grounds and the foundation of ethical politics of several Articles of the Constitution. No statutory law is enforceable if it is unconstitutional; and the Constitution cannot be enforced if it is immoral. The bottom line – any enabling law on political dynasty is legally binding upon the Filipinos, only if it is constitutional and moral. A law that is moral is always constitutional, but a law that is constitutional is not necessarily moral. A Moral and Ethical Proposal I believe the policy of Section 26 which â€Å"prohibits political dynasties as may be defined by law† has two distinct opposite sides, (1) â€Å"the letter of the Constitution† which is the legalistic side, and (2) the â€Å"spirit of the Constitution† which is the ethical side. The pro-political dynasty advocates and promoters behave in accord with legal politics. Their action is legal so long as there is no law defining and enabling the constitutional prohibition against political dynasties. Therefore, the anti-dynasty advocates and promoters should stand on moral and ethical grounds against political dynasties. It is my proposal on moral and ethical grounds that the anti-dynasty advocates should develop and promote the concept of â€Å"political dynasty of the people† based on the principle of Section 1 face-to-face the â€Å"political dynasties of oligarchs† based on the policy of Section 26 but built upon the principle of Section 1. When there is a conflict between a principle and its policy, the principle should prevail over its policy. Moral, Ethical, and Legal Practices in Politics Moral and ethical are similar in meaning in that they both have to do with the difference between right and wrong. They are dissimilar in meaning in that ethical tends to refer to a code, system, theory, or standard of judging rightness or wrongness of moral behavior; whereas moral tends to refer to more concrete choices and issues that arouse strong feelings. In other words, moral refers to good and evil, while ethical refers to right and wrong. Because of the untruthful disclosure of his SALN per Code of Ethics, former SC Chief Justice Renato Corona was found ethically wanting for which he was impeached, despite his superior legalistic knowledge of law; Hence, we could say that â€Å"what is moral is always ethical, but what is ethical is not necessarily moral. † Hence, when an elected politician acts according to RA 6714, his behavior is ethical as well as legal – â€Å"what is ethical is always legal, but what is legal is not necessarily ethical†. The Pursuit of Ethical Politics Our major problem in the pursuit of ethical politics is the lack of political will on the part of the people as electorate. Let us awaken and educate their political consciousness, and empower their political will by making them conscious of their being the political dynasty that is superior over all existing political dynasties of oligarchs† per mandate of Article II, Section 1 that the people are the habitat of sovereign power, but the exercise of such pwer is delegated and vested upon elected politicians. Assume that Congress would never pass the law enabling the policy against political dynasties; let us then resort to the principle of Section 1 in Article II. This principle does not require any enabling law because it is precisely the ultimate basis of all enabling laws. This is the principle why the political candidates try to win the votes of the people during political campaigns. We have indeed laws prescribing the requirements of the policy to vote. The Social Ethics Society can start the movement to marginalize the political dynasties,, if not altogether eliminate them eventually from the political landscape of the Philippine.

Why is successful change management difficult to achieve What factors Essay

Why is successful change management difficult to achieve What factors would be most likely to lead to success - Essay Example Organizational personnel oppose the introduction of any sort of change for different reasons; change can alter the hierarchy of positions and induce fundamental shifts in the distribution of power, thus raising concerns among the already powerful workers. Change brings changes in the way work is done while the workers are accustomed to doing things in the traditional way. Changing the way they work seems odd because they are not used to it. Change can require the workers to display new set of skills that they might not already have. Every worker is educated, trained, and skilled to a certain extent and displaying skills beyond that requires further education and training. This becomes even more daunting for the workers when they have to afford the expenses of improving their skills themselves and the organization does not provide for them financially to upgrade their skills. Besides, motivating the workers is one of the most important challenges in front of the management. Within the context of an already existing system, it might be possible to keep the workers motivated. However, when change is implemented, workers come up with new concerns and develop different kinds of needs, thus making it difficult for the management to address those needs and keep a highly motivated workforce. Factors that play an important role in making change management successful in an organization include but are not limited to demonstration of the need for change to the workers, communication between management and workers, training of the workers, and the anticipated positive outcomes of change both for the workers and the organization as a whole. Management assumes the main role in making change management successful since most of these factors are under the control of management. The management should start the process of change management by briefing the workers about the need for change. This can be achieved by calling the workers upon a meeting and telling them what issues an d challenges that organization faces under the current circumstances, and what possible measures can be taken in order to help the organization deal with those challenges successfully. Many a times, management tends to assume that workers understand the organization’s challenges whereas in reality, that is not the case. Workers do need to be shown the true picture as the management sees it, so that they consent with the management that a change needs to be made. After demonstrating the need for change, management should tell the workers what changes in the hierarchy of the power distribution would be made, what technological components would be added to the present system, what skills would the workers need to display, and how they can get those skills. The management should arrange training sessions for the workers either in-house or by rendering the services of an internal trainer. It is imperative that the management upgrades the skills of the workers according to the need s of the changed system to motivate the workers to cooperate with the management in implementing the change. Finally, management needs to closely supervise the workers and resolve any interpersonal issues that are encountered because of the implementation of the change. A potential example of successful change management is British Airways. It all started with the recruitment of a new chairperson in 1981 who noticed the inefficiency of the company and the wastage of valuable resources. So he decided to restructure British Airways to make its business more profitable. The best way realized by him to achieve this was with the help of a change methodology management plan (Faucheux and Scheid,